Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Fungi
Subregnum: Dikarya
Divisio: Basidiomycota
Subdivisio: Agaricomycotina
Classis: Agaricomycetes
Ordo: Polyporales
Familia: Fomitopsidaceae
Genus: Antrodia
Species: A. novaezelandiae – A. xantha
...
Antrodia is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. Antrodia species have fruit bodies that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the hymenium exposed to the outside; the edges may be turned so as to form narrow brackets. Most species are found in temperate and boreal forests, and cause brown rot.
Description
Antrodia are effused-resupinate, that is, they lie stretched out on the growing surface with the hymenium exposed on the outer side, but turned out at the edges to form brackets. When present, these brackets are typically white or pale brown. The pores on the surface of the hymenium may be round or angular. The context is white or pale. All species cause brown-rot. Typically, basidiospores are thin-walled, cylindrical, and narrowly ellipsoidal or fusiform in shape.[5] Most species grow on the wood of coniferous trees, except for A. albida, which grows on the dead wood of deciduous trees.[6]
Phylogeny
In order to reliably identify the various species and strains of medicinal Antrodia, genetic markers have been developed and phylogenetic analyses performed.[7] These analyses have demonstrated that there are three distinct phylogenetic lineages within the genus Antrodia.
Classification
The modern definition of the genus follows the description given by Gilbertson and Ryvarden (1986), in their monograph North American Polypores.[8]
Distribution
Roughly twenty-nine species are known from Europe,[9] 21 species in North America,[8] and 18 species in East Asia,[10] although more new species have been reported since the time of these publications.
Species
Antrodia albobrunnea
There are about 50 species in this genus:
Antrodia albida
Antrodia albidoides
Antrodia albobrunnea
Antrodia alpina
Antrodia aurantia[11]
Antrodia bambusicola – China[12]
Antrodia calceus
Antrodia carbonica
Antrodia cinnamomea
Antrodia conchata
Antrodia crassa
Antrodia daedaleiformis
Antrodia eutelea
Antrodia ferox
Antrodia gossypium
Antrodia heteromorpha
Antrodia hingganensis
Antrodia hippophaes
Antrodia huangshanensis
Antrodia hyalina – Russia[13]
Antrodia infirma – Europe[14]
Antrodia juniperina
Antrodia lalashana[15]
Antrodia leucaena –China, Europe[5]
Antrodia macra
Antrodia macrospora
Antrodia madronae – Western USA[16]
Antrodia malicola
Antrodia mellita
Antrodia minuta
Antrodia monomitica – China[17]
Antrodia multiformis – USA[18]
Antrodia multipapillata
Antrodia novae-zelandiae
Antrodia oleracea
Antrodia parvula
Antrodia pictilis
Antrodia pini-cubensis
Antrodia plicata
Antrodia porothelioides
Antrodia pseudosinuosa
Antrodia pulverulenta
Antrodia pulvinascens
Antrodia ramentacea
Antrodia rhizomorpha
Antrodia rupamii
Antrodia sandaliae
Antrodia serialiformis
Antrodia serialis
Antrodia sinuosa
Antrodia sitchensis
Antrodia sordida
Antrodia stratosa
Antrodia subalbidoides
Antrodia submalicola
Antrodia subramentacea
Antrodia subxantha
Antrodia taxa
Antrodia tenerifensis – Tenerife[18]
Antrodia terryi
Antrodia tropica – China[19]
Antrodia uzbekistanica – Uzbekistan[20]
Antrodia variiformis
Antrodia wangii
Antrodia xantha
References
Karsten P. (1880). "Symbolae ad Mycologian Fennicam 6". Meddelanden Af Societatis Pro Fauna et Flora Fennica (in Latin). 5: 15–46.
"Synonymy: Antrodia P. Karst". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2014-08-17.
Murrill WA. (1905). "The Polyporaceae of North America: XII. A synopsis of the white and bright-colored pileate species". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 32 (9): 469–93 (see p. 481). doi:10.2307/2478463. JSTOR 2478463.
Kotlába F, Pouzar Z (1958). "Polypori novi vel minus cogniti Cechoslovakiae III". Ceská Mykologie. 12 (2): 95–104.
Dai YC, Niemelä T (2002). "Changbai wood-rotting fungi 13". Antrodia sensu lato". Annales Botanici Fennici. 39: 257–265.
Ellis JB, Ellis MB (1990). Fungi without Gills (Hymenomycetes and Gasteromycetes): An Identification Handbook. London, UK: Chapman and Hall. p. 27. ISBN 0-412-36970-2.
Chiu HH. (2007). "Phylogenetic analysis ofAntrodia species and Antrodia camphorata inferred from internal transcribed spacer region". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 91 (3): 267–76. doi:10.1007/s10482-006-9116-4. PMID 17072535. S2CID 25431381.
Ryvarden L, Gilbertson RL (1986). North American Polypores. Oslo, Norway: Fungiflora. ISBN 0-945345-06-2.
Ryvarden L, Gilbertson RL (1993). European polypores 1. Synopsis Fungorum. Vol. 6. pp. 1–387.
Núñez M, Ryvarden L (2001). East Asian polypores 2. Polyporaceae s. lato. Synopsis Fungorum. Vol. 14. pp. 170–522.
Lodge DJ, Ryvarden L, Perdomo-Sanchez OP (2001). "Studies in neotropical polypores 11: Antrodia aurantia, a new species from the Dominican Republic, greater Antilles". Mycotaxon. 80: 261–6.
Cui BK, Li HJ, Dai YC (2011). "Wood-rotting fungi in eastern China 6. Two new species of Antrodia (Basidiomycota) from Mt. Huangshan, Anhui Province". Mycotaxon. 116: 13–20. doi:10.5248/116.13.
Spirin V, Miettinen O, Pennanen J, Kotiranta H, Niemela T (2013). "Antrodia hyalina, a new polypore from Russia, and A. leucaena, new to Europe". Mycological Progress. 12 (1): 53–61. doi:10.1007/s11557-012-0815-0. S2CID 14996112.
Renvall P, Niemela T (1992). "Basidiomycetes at the timberline in Lapland 3. Two new boreal polypores with intricate hyphal systems" (PDF). Karstenia. 32: 29–42. doi:10.29203/ka.1992.290.
Chang TT, Chou WN (1997). "Antrodia lalashana sp. nov. and Antrodiella formosana sp. nov. in Taiwan". Mycological Research. 102 (4): 400–2. doi:10.1017/s0953756297005157.
Vlasák J, Vlasák J Jr, Ryvarden L (2012). "Four new polypore species from the western United States". Mycotaxon. 119: 217–31. doi:10.5248/119.217.
Chen, Y.Y.; Wu, F. (2017). "A new species of Antrodia (Basidiomycota, Polypores) from China" (PDF). Mycosphere. 8 (7): 878–885. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/8/7/4. open access
Kout, Jiří; Vlasák, Josef; Vlasák Jr., Josef (2017). "Antrodia multiformis and A. tenerifensis spp. nov. (Fomitopsidaceae, Basidiomycota): new brown rot polypores". Mycological Progress. 16 (7): 737–742. doi:10.1007/s11557-017-1310-4. S2CID 27715816.
Cui BK. (2013). "Antrodia tropica sp. nov. from southern China inferred from morphological characters and molecular data". Mycological Progress. 12 (2): 223–30. doi:10.1007/s11557-012-0829-7. S2CID 8400718.
Yuan, Yuan; Gafforov, Yusufjon; Chen, Yuan-Yuan; Wu, Fang (2017). "A new species of Antrodia (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) from juniper forest of Uzbekistan". Phytotaxa. 303 (1): 47–55. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.303.1.3.
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