Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Polyplacophora
Ordo: Ischnochitonina
Familia: Chitonidae
Genus: Tonicia
Species: T. amanda – T. chilensis – T. forbesii – T. fortilirata – T. interplicata – T. pustulifera – T. schrammi
†Tonicia (Lucilina) - †Tonicia (Toniciopsis) - †T. pannonica
Name
Tonicia Gray, 1847
Type species: Chiton elegans Frembly, 1827 = Tonicia chilensis (Frembly, 1827)
Synonyms
Chiton (Tonicia)
Species names in synonymy:
Tonicia elegans (Frembly, 1827) = Tonicia chilensis (Frembly, 1827)
Tonicia fremblyana Kaas, 1957 = Tonicia chilensis (Frembly, 1827)
Tonicia (Tonicia) chilensis (Frembly, 1827) = Tonicia chilensis (Frembly, 1827)
References
Gray, J.E. 1847. A list of the genera of Recent Mollusca, their synonyms and types. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 15: 129–219. BHL Reference page. , page 65.
Links
Tonicia – Taxon details on Encyclopedia of Life (EOL).
Tonicia – Taxon details on Fossilworks.
Tonicia – Taxon details on Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).
Tonicia - Taxon details on iNaturalist.
Tonicia – Taxon details on Interim Register of Marine and Non-marine Genera (IRMNG).
Tonicia – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Tonicia – Taxon details on National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
Tonicia in the World Register of Marine Species
Tonicia is a genus of chitons in the subfamily Toniciinae of the family Chitonidae.[1]
The genus was recently restricted to include only 12 New World species, with the more species-rich and exclusively Old World subgenus Lucilina Dall, 1882, being elevated to a separate genus.[2] Of these 12, ten species are found in the eastern Pacific, one in the Magellan province (southern Chile, Argentina and Falkland Islands) and one in the Caribbean Sea (Florida to Barbados).
However, a study published in 2019 which used molecular systematics to compare the eastern Pacific Tonicia species suggested that there are only 9 extant species in the eastern Pacific.[3]
Species
Tonicia argyrosticta (Philippi, 1845)
Tonicia arnheimi Dall, 1903
Tonicia atrata Sowerby, 1840
Tonicia chilensis Frembly, 1827
Tonicia disalvoi (Dell'Angelo, Raines & Bonfitto, 2004)
Tonicia disjuncta Frembly, 1827
† Tonicia edwardsi de Rochebrune, 1883
Tonicia forbesii Carpenter, 1857
Tonicia horniana Rochebrune, 1889
† Tonicia pannonica Szőts, 1953
Tonicia rubridens Pilsbry, 1892
Tonicia schrammi (Shuttleworth, 1856)
Tonicia smithi Leloup, 1980
Tonicia swainsoni Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832
Synonyms
Tonicia atrata Hutton, 1880: synonym of Plaxiphora (Plaxiphora) aurata (Spalowsky, 1795) represented as Plaxiphora aurata (Spalowsky, 1795) (invalid: junior homonym of Tonicia atrata (G.B. Sowerby II, 1840); Tonicia subatrata Pilsbry, 1893 is a replacement name)
Tonicia boetica Pilsbry, 1893: synonym of Tonicia atrata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1840)
Tonicia calbucensis Plate, 1898: synonym of Tonicia lebruni Rochebrune, 1884: synonym of Tonicia argyrosticta (Philippi, 1845)
Tonicia atrata Hutton, 1880: synonym of Plaxiphora (Plaxiphora) aurata (Spalowsky, 1795) represented as Plaxiphora aurata (Spalowsky, 1795) (invalid: junior homonym of Tonicia atrata (G.B. Sowerby II, 1840); Tonicia subatrata Pilsbry, 1893 is a replacement name)
Tonicia boetica Pilsbry, 1893: synonym of Tonicia atrata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1840)
Tonicia elegans Frembly, 1827: synonym of Tonicia chilensis (Frembly, 1827)
Tonicia fastigiata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1840): synonym of Tonicia atrata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1840)
Tonicia fontainei Rochebrune, 1882: synonym of Ischnochiton punctulatissimus (G. B. Sowerby I, 1832)
Tonicia fremblyana Kaas [nl], 1956: synonym of Tonicia chilensis (Frembly, 1827)
Tonicia gambiensis Rochebrune, 1881: synonym of Chaetopleura (Chaetopleura) gambiensis (Rochebrune, 1881) represented as Chaetopleura gambiensis (Rochebrune, 1881) (original combination)
Tonicia gaudichaudi Rochebrune, 1884: synonym of Ischnochiton punctulatissimus (G. B. Sowerby I, 1832)
Tonicia greyi Filhol, 1880: synonym of Ischnochiton circumvallatus (Reeve, 1847)
Tonicia hullianus Torr, 1911: synonym of Lucilina hulliana (Torr, 1911) (original combination)
Tonicia indica Leloup, 1981: synonym of Tonicia (Lucilina) carnosa Kaas, 1979: synonym of Lucilina carnosa (Kaas, 1979) (original combination)
Tonicia jugosulcata Pilsbry, 1893: synonym of Lucilina truncata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1841)
Tonicia lebruni de Rochebrune, 1884: synonym of Tonicia argyrosticta (Philippi, 1845)
Tonicia martiali Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889: synonym of Nuttallochiton martiali (Rochebrune, 1889) (original combination)
Tonicia mixta Dall, 1919: synonym of Chaetopleura (Pallochiton) lanuginosa mixta (Dall, 1919) represented as Chaetopleura lanuginosa mixta (Dall, 1919) (original combination)
Tonicia novemrugata Bergenhayn, 1930: synonym of Lucilina novemrugata (Bergenhayn, 1930) (original combination)
Tonicia pectinoides Sykes, 1903: synonym of Lucilina pectinoides (Sykes, 1903) (original combination)
Tonicia perligera (Thiele, 1909): synonym of Lucilina perligera Thiele, 1909 (incorrect placement)
Tonicia polyomma Bergenhayn, 1932: synonym of Lucilina polyomma (Bergenhayn, 1932) (original combination)
Tonicia prashadi Leloup, 1937: synonym of Tonicia pectinoides Sykes, 1903: synonym of Lucilina pectinoides (Sykes, 1903)
Tonicia ptygmata Rochebrune, 1884: synonym of Lucilina sueziensis (Reeve, 1847)
Tonicia reticulata Nierstrasz, 1905: synonym of Lucilina reticulata (Nierstrasz, 1905) (original combination)
Tonicia rubiginosa F. W. Hutton, 1872: synonym of Notoplax rubiginosa (F. W. Hutton, 1872) (original combination)
Tonicia sowerbyi Nierstrasz, 1905: synonym of Lucilina sowerbyi (Nierstrasz, 1905) (original combination)
Tonicia subatrata Pilsbry, 1893: synonym of Plaxiphora (Plaxiphora) aurata (Spalowsky, 1795) represented as Plaxiphora aurata (Spalowsky, 1795)
Tonicia suezensis ; auct.: synonym of Lucilina sueziensis (Reeve, 1847) (incorrect spelling)
Tonicia tydemani Nierstrasz, 1905: synonym of Lucilina tydemani (Nierstrasz, 1905) (original combination)
Tonicia variegata Nierstrasz, 1905: synonym of Lucilina variegata (Nierstrasz, 1905) (original combination)
Tonicia zigzag Hutton, 1872: synonym of Plaxiphora caelata (Reeve, 1847)
References
MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Tonicia Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=206414 on 2022-10-03
Schwabe E.; Sirenko B. I.; Johnson S. (2008). "A checklist of Polyplacophora (Mollusca) from the Fiji Islands". Zootaxa. 1777: 1–52. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1777.1.1.
Ibáñez, Christian M.; Eernisse, Douglas J.; Méndez, Marco A.; Valladares, Moises; Sellanes, Javier; Sirenko, Boris I.; Pardo-Gandarillas, M. Cecilia (2019). "Phylogeny, divergence times and species delimitation of Tonicia (Polyplacophora: Chitonidae) from the eastern Pacific Ocean". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 186 (4): 915–933. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz006.
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