Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Gastropoda
Subclassis: Heterobranchia
Infraclassis: Euthyneura
Cohors: Tectipleura
Subcohors: Panpulmonata
Superordo: Eupulmonata
Ordo: Stylommatophora
Subordo: Helicina
Superfamilia Incertae sedis: Testacelloidea
Familia: Testacellidae
Genus: Testacella
Subgenera (2): Testacella – Testacelloides
Overview of species (6)
T. bisulcata – T. gestroi – T. haliotidea – T. maugei – T. riedeli – T. scutulum
Name
Testacella Lamarck, 1801: 96
Type species: unclear, either:
(1) if Testacella haliotoides Lamarck, 1801 is interpreted as available by combined genus/species description; and
(1a) if Testacella haliotidea Draparnaud, 1801 is not interpreted to be a subsequent usage thereof; then the type species is Testacella haliotoides Lamarck, 1801, by monotypy; or
(1b) if Testacella haliotidea Draparnaud, 1801 is interpreted to be a subsequent usage of Testacella haliotoides Lamarck, 1801; with spelling not conserved by prevailing usage under Art. 33.3.1; then the type species is again Testacella haliotoides Lamarck, 1801, by monotypy; or
(1c) if Testacella haliotidea Draparnaud, 1801 is interpreted to be a subsequent usage of Testacella haliotoides Lamarck, 1801; with spelling conserved by prevailing usage under Art. 33.3.1; then the type species is Testacella haliotidea Lamarck, 1801, by monotypy [this is the interpretation adopted by AnimalBase; or
(2) if Testacella haliotoides Lamarck, 1801 is not interpreted as available by combined genus/species description; and
(2a) if Testacella Draparnaud, 1801 is interpreted as a subsequent usage of Testacella Lamarck, 1801; then the type species is Testacella haliotidea Draparnaud, 1801, by subsequent monotypy in Draparnaud (1801); or
(2b) if Testacella Draparnaud, 1801 is not interpreted as a subsequent usage of Testacella Lamarck, 1801; then the type species of Testacella Lamarck, 1801 may not be fixed, as there were no originally included nominal species, and all subsequent uses of the name Testacella (with included nominal species) may refer to Testacella Draparnaud, 1801
NOTES: on option (1) above, there are two possible interpretations of syntypes for Testacella haliotoides Lamarck, 1801:
(i) the types series includes both Maugé's material from Tenerife [=Testacella maugei Férussac, 1819] and the material figured by Favanne (assumed to be from France) [=Testacella haliotidea Draparnaud, 1801]; or
(ii) the types series includes only Maugé's material from Tenerife (since the material figured by Favanne was not listed in the scope of any particular species) [this is the interpretation adopted by Kennard & Woodward (1920), which makes Testacella haliotoides Lamarck, 1801 the valid name for Testacella maugei Férussac, 1819, as would designation of a Tenerife specimen as lectotype of Testacella haliotoides Lamarck, 1801, even in option (i) above]
thus, the taxonomic type species for Testacella could either be the species currently known as Testacella haliotidea, or the species currently known as Testacella maugei, and while clearly distinct, these species are so closely related that it matters not which of them is taken to be the type species
Synonyms
?Testacella Draparnaud, 1801: 33, 99 [if Testacella Draparnaud, 1801 is not interpreted as a subsequent usage of Testacella Lamarck, 1801]
Type species Testacella haliotidea Draparnaud, 1801
Fixation: monotypy
References
Barker, G.M. 1999: Naturalised terrestrial Stylommatophora (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Fauna of New Zealand, (38) ISBN 0-478-09322-5 [Publication date: 25 Jan 1999] [97]
Cuvier, G. 1800: Leçons d'anatomie Comparée, 1 BHL tab. 5 [n.n.]
Draparnaud, J.-P.-R. 1801: Tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. Montpellier: Renaud. BHL 33, 99
Gargominy, O.; Prie, V.; Bichain, J.-M.; Cucherat, X.; Fontaine, B. 2011: Liste de référence annotée des mollusques continentaux de France. MalaCo, 7: 307–382. PDF
Gassies; Fischer 1856: Monographie du Genre Testacelle. Actes de la Société linnéenne de Bordeaux, 21: 195–248. BHL
Giusti, Manganelli & Schembri 1995: The non-marine molluscs of the Maltese islands. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali Monografie (Turin), 15 1995: 1–607.
ICZN 1955: Opinion 335. Addition to the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology of the names of thirty-four non-marine genera of the phylum Mollusca. Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 10(2): 45–76. BHL 58, 59
Kennard, A.S.; Woodward, B.B. 1920: Nomenclatorial notes relating to British non-marine Mollusca. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 14: 77–90. BHL
Lamarck, J.B. 1801: Systême des animaux sans vertèbres; ou, Tableau génral des classes, des classes, des orres et des genres de ces animaux. Paris, L'Auteur. BHL
Wagner 1914: Anzeiger/Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 51: 335. [not seen]
Links
AnimalBase
ION
Nomenclator Zoologicus
Ruud A. Bank. Testacella Cuvier, 1800. Accessed through: Fauna Europaea at http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=274596
Testacella
They are terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Testacellidae, the shelled slugs. They are not often seen because they live underground.
Testacella is the only genus in the family, in other words it is a monotypic family. Testacella is the type genus of the family Testacellidae.[5]
Distribution
Species within this genus of slugs live in north Africa, southern and western Europe, and Britain.[1]
Species
Species within the genus Testacella include:
Subgenus Testacella Draparnaud, 1801
Subgenus Testacelloides A. J. Wagner, 1914[6][7]
† Testacella asinium Serres, 1827
Testacella bisulcata Risso, 1826[8]
Testacella bracciai Nardi & Bodon, 2011
† Testacella bruntoniana Serres, 1851
† Testacella deshayesii Michaud, 1855
Testacella fischeriana Bourguignat, 1862
Testacella gestroi Issel, 1873[8]
Testacella haliotidea Lamarck, 1801 - the shelled slug, the type species of the genus[8]
† Testacella lartetii Dupuy, 1850
Testacella maugei Férussac, 1819[8]
† Testacella pedemontana Sacco, 1886
† Testacella pontileviensis de Morgan, 1920
† Testacella puisseguri Schlickum, 1967
Testacella riedeli Giusti, Manganelli & Schembri, 1995[8]
† Testacella sandbergeri Wenz, 1914
† Testacella schuetti Schlickum, 1967
Testacella scutulum Sowerby I, 1821[8]
† Testacella zellii Klein, 1853
Nomen dubium
Testacella antillarum Grateloup, 1855
Synonyms
Testacella anomala Torres Minquez, 1924: synonym of Testacella haliotidea Draparnaud, 1801
Testacella barcinonensis Pollonera, 1888: synonym of Testacella haliotidea Draparnaud, 1801
Testacella catalonica Pollonera, 1888: synonym of Testacella scutulum G. B. Sowerby I, 1821 (original name)
Testacella dikrangensis Godwin-Austen, 1876: synonym of Girasia dikrangensis (Godwin-Austen, 1876) (original combination)
Testacella dubia Pollonera, 1888: synonym of Testacella haliotidea Draparnaud, 1801
Testacella esserana Fagot, 1892: synonym of Testacella haliotidea Draparnaud, 1801
Testacella europaea de Roissy, 1805: synonym of Testacella haliotidea Draparnaud, 1801
Testacella galliae Oken, 1816: synonym of Testacella haliotidea Draparnaud, 1801
Testacella guadeloupensis Lesson, 1838: synonym of Omalonyx unguis (d'Orbigny, 1836) (junior synonym)
† Testacella larteti Dupuy, 1850 : synonym of † Testacella lartetii Dupuy, 1850 (incorrect subsequent spelling)
Testacella matheronii Potiez & Michaud, 1838: synonym of Omalonyx unguis (d'Orbigny, 1836) (junior synonym)
Testacella subtrigona Pollonera, 1888: synonym of Testacella haliotidea Draparnaud, 1801(original name)
Testacella vagans F. W. Hutton, 1882: synonym of Testacella maugei Férussac, 1819
Description
These slugs have a very small, ear-shaped shell, which is situated far back on their bodies.
In the family Testacellidae, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 31 and 35 (according to the values in this table).[9]
Habitat
These slugs are rarely observed, but they tend to live in gardens and farms where there is rich soil and a lot of earthworms.
Life habits
These slugs live underground and hunt earthworms. They are usually only seen when they are forced up to the surface because the soil has become completely saturated with rain.
Drawing from 1896 showing the three species of Testacella found in Great Britain
1 - Testacella haliotidea
2 - Testacella scutulum
3 - Testacella maugei
References
"Family summary for Testacellidae". AnimalBase, last modified 8 August 2010, accessed 28 June 2011.
Draparnaud J. P. R. (1801). Tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. 116 pp. Montpellier, Paris. (Renaud; Bossange, Masson & Besson). page 33, 99.
Gray J. E. (1840). [A new edition of] A manual of the land and fresh-water shells of the British Isles by W. Turton. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London. ix + 324 pp., 12 plates. page 109.
MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Testacella Lamarck, 1801. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=818595 on 2022-09-13
Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks. 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
Wagner A. J. (1914). Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien 51: 335.
"Testacelloides A.J. Wagner, 1914". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 28 June 2011.
"Species in genus Testacella" (n=6). AnimalBase, accessed 19 January 2011.
Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.
External links
Lamarck, J. B. (1801). Système des animaux sans vertèbres, ou tableau général des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux; Présentant leurs caractères essentiels et leur distribution, d'apres la considération de leurs rapports naturels et de leur organisation, et suivant l'arrangement établi dans les galeries du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, parmi leurs dépouilles conservées; Précédé du discours d'ouverture du Cours de Zoologie, donné dans le Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle l'an 8 de la République. Published by the author and Deterville, Paris: viii + 432 pp
"Testacella Species"
"Have You Seen A Shelled Slug Called Testacella!"
"A predatory (shell) slug (Testacella haliotidea)"
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