Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Cephalopoda
Subclassis: Coleoidea
Cohors: Neocoleoidea
SuperOrdo: Decapodiformes
Ordo: Spirulida
Subordines: Spirulina - †Groenlandibelida - †Belopterina
Vernacular names
Spirulida is an order of cephalopods comprising one extant species (Spirula spirula) and several extinct taxa.
Fossil record
Oldest representative: Carboniferous, though contested: see Shimanskya
Oldest uncontested representative: Late Jurassic[1]
Classification
Order Spirulida
?Family †Shimanskyidae
Suborder †Groenlandibelina Khromov, 1990
Family †Groenlandibelidae
Family †Adygeyidae
Suborder †Belopterina Engeser, 1998
Family †Belemnoseidae
Family †Belopteridae
Suborder Spirulina Pompeckj, 1912
Family †Spirulirostridae
Family †Spirulirostrinidae
Family Spirulidae
References
Fuchs, Dirk; Keupp, Helmut; Trask, PAT; Tanabe, Kazushige (2012). "Taxonomy, morphology and phylogeny of Late Cretaceous spirulid coleoids (Cephalopoda) from Greenland and Canada". Palaeontology. 55 (2): 285. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01125.x.
Tree of Life: Spirulida
The Taxonomicon: Order Spirulida
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