Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Cephalopoda
Subclassis: Coleoidea
Cohors: Neocoleoidea
SuperOrdo: Decapodiformes
Ordo: Sepiida
SubOrdo: Sepiina
Familia: Sepiidae
Genus: Sepia
Subgenera: : S. (Acanthosepion) - S. (Anomalosepia) - S. (Doratosepion) - S. (Hemisepius) - S. (Rhombosepion) - S. (Sepia) – Unassigned
Overview of species
S. aculeata – S. acuminata – S. adami – S. andreana – S. angulata – S. apama – S. appellofi – S. arabica – S. aureomaculata – S. australis – S. bandensis – S. bathyalis – S. bartletti – S. baxteri – S. bertheloti – S. bidhaia – S. braggi – S. brevimana – S. burnupi – S. carinata – S. chirotrema – S. confusa – S. cottoni – S. cultrata – S. dannevigi – S. dollfusi – S. dubia – S. elegans – S. elliptica – S. elobyana – S. elongata – S. erostrata – S. esculenta – S. faurei – S. filibrachia – S. foliopeza – S. gibba – S. hedleyi – S. hieronis – S. hierredda – S. incerta – S. insignis – S. irvingi – S. ivanovi – S. joubini – S. kiensis – S. kobiensis – S. koilados – S. latimanus – S. limata – S. longipes – S. lorigera – S. lycidas – S. madokai – S. mascarensis – S. mestus – S. mira – S. mirabilis – S. murrayi – S. novaehollandiae – S. officinalis – S. omani – S. opipara – S. orbignyana – S. papillata – S. papuensisv – S. pardex – S. peterseni – S. pharaonis – S. plana – S. plangon – S. plathyconchalis – S. prashadi – S. pulchra – S. ramani – S. recurvirostra – S. reesi – S. rex – S. rhoda – S. robsoni – S. rozella – S. savignyi – S. saya – S. senta – S. sewelli – S. simoniana – S. smithi – S. stellifera – S. sokotriensis – S. subplana – S. subtenuipes – S. sulcata – S. tala – S. tanybracheia – S. tenuipes – S. thurstoni – S. tokioensis – S. trygonina – S. tuberculata – S. typica – S. vecchioni – S. vercoi – S. vermiculata – S. vietnamica – S. vossi – S. whitleyana – S. zanzibarica
Name
Sepia Linnaeus, 1758
References
Cephbase [1]
Vernacular names
Ελληνικά: Σουπιά
English: Cuttlefish
español: Sepia
français: Seiche
italiano: Seppia
日本語: コウイカ属
தமிழ்: கணவாய் மீன்
Tagalog: Pugita
Sepia is a genus of cuttlefish in the family Sepiidae encompassing some of the best known and most common species. The cuttlebone is ellipsoid in shape. The name of the genus is the Latinised form of the Ancient Greek σηπία (sēpía) "cuttlefish".
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Parts of a sepia
Anatomy
All members of Sepia share the presence of eight arms and two tentacles. Tentacles are retractable limbs used to target and latch onto prey, whereas arms are used for handling prey and producing patterns of light and dark to distract prey. Once a prey item has been caught, the tentacles detach from it and have no other function. The tentacles reside in sheaths that run below the eyes and behind the head, into the visceral mass, where they are reserved as coiled, spring-loaded appendages, waiting to be ejected towards a food target.
Classification
Genus Sepia
Subgenus undetermined
? Sepia bartletti
? Sepia baxteri *
? Sepia dannevigi *
? Sepia elliptica, ovalbone cuttlefish
Sepia filibrachia
Sepia mira
Sepia plana
Sepia senta
Sepia subplana
? Sepia whitleyana, Whitley's cuttlefish
Subgenus Acanthosepion
Sepia aculeata, needle cuttlefish
Sepia brevimana, shortclub cuttlefish
Sepia esculenta, golden cuttlefish
Sepia lycidas, kisslip cuttlefish
Sepia prashadi, hooded cuttlefish
Sepia orbignyana, pink cuttlefish
Sepia recurvirostra, curvespine cuttlefish
Sepia savignyi, broadback cuttlefish
Sepia smithi, Smith's cuttlefish
Sepia stellifera
Sepia thurstoni
Sepia vecchioni[3]
Sepia zanzibarica
Subgenus Anomalosepia
Sepia australis, southern cuttlefish
Sepia omani, Oman cuttlefish
Sepia sulcata, grooved cuttlefish
Subgenus Doratosepion
Sepia adami
Sepia andreana, Andrea cuttlefish
Sepia appelloefi
Sepia arabica, Arabian cuttlefish
Sepia aureomaculata
Sepia bathyalis
Sepia bidhaia
Sepia braggi, slender cuttlefish
Sepia burnupi
Sepia carinata
Sepia confusa
Sepia cottoni
Sepia elongata
Sepia erostrata
Sepia foliopeza
Sepia incerta
Sepia ivanovi
Sepia joubini
Sepia kiensis *
Sepia kobiensis, Kobi cuttlefish
Sepia koilados
Sepia limata
Sepia longipes, longarm cuttlefish
Sepia lorigera, spider cuttlefish
Sepia mascarensis
Sepia mirabilis
Sepia murrayi, frog cuttlefish
Sepia pardex
Sepia peterseni
Sepia rhoda
Sepia saya
Sepia sewelli
Sepia sokotriensis
Sepia subtenuipes
Sepia tala
Sepia tanybracheia
Sepia tenuipes
Sepia tokioensis
Sepia trygonina, trident cuttlefish
Sepia vercoi
Sepia vietnamica
Subgenus Hemisepius
Sepia dubia
Sepia faurei
Sepia pulchra
Sepia robsoni
Sepia typica
Subgenus Rhombosepion
Sepia acuminata
Sepia cultrata, knifebone cuttlefish
Sepia elegans, elegant cuttlefish
Sepia hedleyi, Hedley's cuttlefish
Sepia hieronis
Sepia madokai, Madokai's cuttlefish
? Sepia opipara
Sepia reesi
Sepia rex
Sepia vossi
Subgenus Sepia
Sepia angulata *
Sepia apama, Australian giant cuttlefish
Sepia bandensis, stumpy-spined cuttlefish
Sepia bertheloti, African cuttlefish
Sepia chirotrema
Sepia dollfusi
Sepia elobyana, Guinean cuttlefish
Sepia gibba
Sepia hierredda, giant African cuttlefish
Sepia insignis
Sepia irvingi
Sepia latimanus, broadclub cuttlefish
Sepia mestus, reaper cuttlefish
Sepia novaehollandiae, New Holland cuttlefish
Sepia officinalis, common cuttlefish
Sepia papillata
Sepia papuensis, Papuan cuttlefish
Sepia pharaonis, pharaoh cuttlefish
Sepia plangon, mourning cuttlefish
Sepia plathyconchalis
Sepia ramani
Sepia rozella, rosecone cuttlefish
Sepia simoniana
Sepia tuberculata
Sepia vermiculata
The species listed above with an asterisk (*) are questionable; they need further study to determine if they are a valid species or a synonym. The question mark (?) indicates questionable placement within the genus.
Extinct species
Fossil cuttlebone of the Pliocene species Sepia rugulosa
Fossil cuttlebone of Sepia stricta
A number of extinct species have been described from the Neogene of Europe, though many of these are likely synonyms.[4] They include:[4]
Sepia bertii Foresti, 1890
Sepia complanata Bellardi, 1872
Sepia craversii Gastaldi, 1868
Sepia gastaldii Bellardi, 1872
Sepia granosa Bellardi, 1872
Sepia harmati Szörenyi, 1933
Sepia hungarica Lörenthey, 1898
Sepia isseli Bellardi, 1872
Sepia michelotti Gastaldi, 1868
Sepia rugulosa Bellardi, 1872
Sepia stricta Bellardi, 1872
Sepia verrucosa Bellardi, 1872
Sepia vindobonensis Schloenbach, 1869
References
Whiteaves, J.F. (1897). "On some remains of a Sepia-like cuttle-fish from the Cretaceous rocks of the south Saskatchewan". The Canadian Record of Science. 7: 459–462.
Hewitt, R.; Pedley, H.M. (1978). "The preservation of the shells of Sepia in the middle Miocene of Malta". Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. 89 (3): 227–237. Bibcode:1978PrGA...89..227H. doi:10.1016/S0016-7878(78)80013-3.
Neethiselvan, N.; Venkataramani, V.K. (2010). "A new species of cuttlefish, Sepia vecchioni (Cephalopoda, Sepiidae) from Colachal coast, south India". Journal of American Science. 6 (4): 12–21. Archived from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
Hiden, H.R. (1995). "Sepia vindobonensis (Cephalopoda, Coleoida) aus dem Mittel-Miozän von Retznei (Steiermark, Österreich)" [Sepia vindobonensis (Cephalopoda, Coleoida) from the middle Miocene of Retznei (Styria, Austria)] (PDF). Mitteilungen der Abteilung für Geologie und Paläontologie am Landesmuseum Joanneum [Communications from the Department of Geology and Palaeontology of the [Archduke] Johann State Museum] (in German). 52–53: 111–124. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
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