Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Bivalvia
Subclassis: Protobranchia
Ordines (3 + †1): †Afghanodesmatida – Nuculanida – Nuculida – Solemyida
Name
Protobranchia Pelseneer, 1889: 52
References
Primary references
Pelseneer, P. 1889. Sur la classification phylogénétique de pélécypods. Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique 20(sér. 3, vol. 2): 27–52. BHL
Additional references
Bieler, R., Carter, J.G. & Coan, E.V. 2010. Classification of Bivalve Families. pp. 113–133 in Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.-P. (eds.). Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families. Malacologia 52(2): 1–184. DOI: 10.4002/040.052.0201 BHL Reference page.
Carter, J.G., Altaba, C.R., Anderson, L.C., Araujo, R., Biakov, A.S., Bogan, A.E., Campbell, D.C., Campbell, M., Chen, J.-H., Cope, J.C.W., Delvene, G., Dijkstra, H.H., Fang, Z.-J., Gardner, R.N., Gavrilova, V.A., Goncharova, I.A., Harries, P.J., Hartman, J.H., Hautmann, M., Hoeh, W.R., Hylleberg, J., Jiang, B.-Y., Johnston, P., Kirkendale, L., Kleemann, K., Koppka, J., Kříž, J., Machado, D., Malchus, N., Márquez-Aliaga, A., Masse, J.-P., McRoberts, C.A., Middelfart, P.U., Mitchell, S., Nevesskaja, L.A., Özer, S., Pojeta, Jr., J., Polubotko, I.V., Pons, J.M., Popov, S., Sámchez, T., Sartori, A.F., Scott, R.W., Sey, I.I., Signorelli, J.H., Silantiev, V.V., Skelton, P.W., Steuber, T., Waterhouse, J.B., Wingard, G.L. & Yancey, T. 2011. A Synoptical Classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca). Paleontological Contributions 4: 1–47. DOI: 10.17161/PC.1808.8287 hdl: 1808/8287 Open access Reference page.
Smith, S.A., Wilson, N.G., Goetz, F.E., Feehery, C., Andrade, S.C.S., Rouse, G.W., Giribet, G. & Dunn, C.W. 2011. Resolving the evolutionary relationships of molluscs with phylogenomic tools. Nature 480: 364–367. DOI: 10.1038/nature10526 Paywall Reference page.
Sharma, P.P., González, V.L., Kawauchi, G.Y., Andrade, S.C.S., Guzmán, A., Collins, T.M., Glover, E.A., Harper, E.M., Healy, J.M., Mikkelsen, P.M., Taylor, J.D., Bieler, R. & Giribet, G. 2012 Phylogenetic analysis of four nuclear protein-encoding genes largely corroborates the traditional classification of Bivalvia (Mollusca). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65(1): 64–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.05.025 Paywall Reference page.
Sharma, P.P., Zardus, J.D., Boyle, E.E., González, V.L., Jennings, R.M., McIntyre, E., Wheeler, W.C., Etter, R.J. & Giribet, G. 2013. Into the Deep: A phylogenetic approach to the bivalve subclass Protobranchia. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69(1): 188–204. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.018 Paywall Reference page.
Bieler, R., Mikkelsen, P.M., Collins, T.M., Glover, E.A., González, V.L., Graf, D.L., Harper, E.M., Healy, J., Kawauchi, G.Y., Sharma, P.P., Staubach, S., Strong, E.E., Taylor, J.D., Tëmkin, I., Zardus, J.D., Clark, S., Guzmán, A., McIntyre, E., Sharp, P. & Giribet, G. 2014. Investigating the Bivalve Tree of Life – an exemplar-based approach combining molecular and novel morphological characters. Invertebrate Systematics 28(1): 32–115. DOI: 10.1071/IS13010 Reference page.
González, V.L., Andrade, S.C.S., Bieler, R., Collins, T.M., Dunn, C.W., Mikkelsen, P.M., Taylor, J.D. & Giribet, G. 2015. A phylogenetic backbone for Bivalvia: An RNA-seq approach. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282(1801): 20142332. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2332 Open access Reference page.
Combosch, D.J., Collins, T.M., Glover, E.A., Graf, D.L., Harper, E.M., Healy, J.M., Kawauchi, G.Y., Lemer, S., McIntyre, E., Strong, E.E., Taylor, J.D., Zardus, J.D., Mikkelsen, P.M., Giribet, G. & Bieler, R. 2017. A family-level Tree of Life for bivalves based on a Sanger-sequencing approach. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 107: 191–208. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.11.003 Paywall Reference page.
Lemer, S., Bieler, R. & Giribet, G. 2019. Resolving the relationships of clams and cockles: dense transcriptome sampling drastically improves the bivalve tree of life. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286(1896): 20182684. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2684 Open access Reference page.
Sato, K., Kano, Y., Setiamarga, D.H.E., Watanabe, H.K. & Sasaki, T. 2020. Molecular phylogeny of protobranch bivalves and systematic implications of their shell microstructure. Zoologica Scripta 49(4): 458–472. DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12419 Paywall Reference page.
Vernacular names
polski: pierwoskrzelne
Protobranchia is a subclass of bivalve molluscs.[1] It contains the extant orders Nuculanida, Nuculida, and Solemyida.
These are deep water clams of a small and primitive order with a taxodont hinge (composed of many similar, small teeth), generally with a central ligament pit, large labial palps which are used in deposit feeding and the gills used only for respiration, the anterior and posterior adductor muscles are nearly equal in size, a foot which is divided sagittally and longitudinally with papillate margins. The foot in Protobranchia clams is without a true byssus gland, although they frequently have a nonhomologous byssal gland in the heel. The byssal gland in these clams does not produce threads as in Pteriomorphia.[2]
2010 Taxonomy
In 2010 a new proposed classification system for the Bivalvia was published in by Bieler, Carter & Coan revising the classification of the Bivalvia, including the subclass Protobranchia.[3]
Subclass: Protobranchia
Order: Nuculanida[4]
Superfamily: Nuculanoidea
Family: Bathyspinulidae
Family: Lametilidae accepted as Phaseolidae
Family: Malletiidae
Family: Neilonellidae
Family: Nuculanidae
Family: Siliculidae
Family: Tindariidae
Family: Yoldiidae
Order: Nuculida[5]
Superfamily: Nuculoidea
Family: Nuculidae
Family: Sareptidae
Order: Solemyida[6]
Superfamily: Manzanelloidea
Family: Manzanellidae
Family: Nucinellidae
Superfamily: Solemyoidea
Family: Solemyidae
Order: † Praecardiida
Family: † Butovicellidae
Genus: † Butovicella
Family: † Praecardiidae
Genus: † Slava
Genus: † Cardiola
Family: † Antipleuridae
Genus: † Dualina
Genus: † Hercynella
References
Protobranchia Pelseneer, 1889. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 8 July 2010.
Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 340. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
Bieler, R., Carter, J.G. & Coan, E.V. (2010) Classification of Bivalve families. Pp. 113-133, in: Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.P. (2010), Nomenclator of Bivalve Families. Malacologia 52(2): 1-184
Nuclanoida Carter, D.C. Campbell & M.R. Campbell, 2000. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 9 October 2010.
Nuculida Dall, 1889. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 20 September 2010.
Solemyoida Dall, 1889. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 9 July 2010.
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