Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Gastropoda
Subclassis: Heterobranchia
Infraclassis: Euthyneura
Cohors: Ringipleura
SuperOrdo: Nudipleura
Ordo: Pleurobranchida
Superfamilia: Pleurobranchoidea
Familia: Pleurobranchidae
Genera (7): Bathyberthella – Berthella – Berthellina – Boreoberthella – Pleurehdera – Pleurobranchus – Tomthompsonia
Name
Pleurobranchidae Gray, 1827
Synonyms
Bathyberthellini García, Troncoso, Cervera & García-Gómez, 1996
Berthellinae Burn, 1962
Pleurobranchinae Gray, 1827
References
Alvim, J. & Pimenta, A.D., 2015. Taxonomic review of Berthella and Berthellina (Gastropoda: Pleurobranchoidea) from Brazil, with description of two new species. Zoologia, 32(6): 497–531. Full article (PDF). Reference page.
Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P. 2005: Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia, 47: 1–397.
Poppe, G.T.; Tagaro, S.P. 2006: The new classification of gastropods according to Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005. Visaya, Feb. 2006: 1–11. PDF
Links
Pleurobranchidae in the World Register of Marine Species
The Pleurobranchidae are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Pleurobranchomorpha.
Characteristics
Species in the family Pleurobranchidae have a prominent mantle and an internal shell that becomes reduced or is lost completely in adults.[3] Some adult species have been seen feeding on ascidians. Larval pleurobranchids can be planktotrophic (feeding on plankton), lecithotrophic (deriving nutrition from yolk), or direct developing.
Like all Pleurobranchomorpha, they breathe through an external gill, located on the right side (contrary to nudibranchs who have it on the back), just after the genital organ.
Many species produce secretions from their rich glandular mantle as a chemical defense against predators.[4] Even the production of sulfuric acid has been reported.[5]
Taxonomy
Until 2005, this family was placed in the suborder Notaspidea. However, in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), the family Pleurobranchidae was placed in the superfamily Pleurobranchoidea, the only family belonging to the subclade Pleurobranchomorpha (sister to the subclade Nudibranchia), part of the clade Nudipleura.
Subfamily Pleurobranchinae
Bathyberthella
Bathyberthella antarctica Willan and Bertsch, 1987 [6]
Berthella de Blainville, 1824
Berthella africana Pruvot-Fol, 1953 [7]
Berthella agassizi MacFarland, 1909
Berthella americana A. E. Verrill, 1885
Berthella aurantiaca Risso, 1818
Berthella caledonica Dall, 1900
Berthella californica Dall, 1900 California sidegill slug
Berthella canariensis Cervera, J.L., T.M. Gosliner, J.C. García-Gómez & J. Ortea, 2000
Berthella elongata Cantraine, 1835
Berthella martensi Pilsbry, 1896
Berthella medietas R. Burn, 1962
Berthella ocellata delle Chiaje, 1830
Berthella ornata T.F. Cheeseman, 1878
Berthella patagonica d'Orbigny, 1837
Berthella platei Bergh, 1898 [8]
Berthella plumula Montagu, 1803
Berthella sideralis Lovén, 1846
Berthella stellata Risso, 1826
Berthella strongi MacFarland, 1966
Berthella tamiu Ev. Marcus, 1984 [9]
Berthella tupala Er. Marcus, 1957
Berthellina Gardiner, 1936
Berthellina amarillus Mattox, 1953
Berthellina americanus Verrill, 1885
Berthellina circularis Mörch, 1863
Berthellina citrina Rüppell & Leuckart, 1828 (synonym of Gymnotoplax citrina Er. Marcus, 1957 )
Berthellina delicata W.H. Pease, 1861
Berthellina edwardsii Vayssière, 1897
Berthellina engeli Gardiner, 1936
Berthellina granulata (Krauss, 1848)
Berthellina ilisima Marcus, Er. & Ev. Marcus, 1967
Berthellina quadridens Mörch, 1863 (junior synonym of Gymnotoplax quadridens)[10]
Boreoberthella Martynov & Schrödl, 2009
Bouvieria Vayssière, 1896 : synonym of Berthella Blainville, 1824
Bouvieria auriantiaca Risso, 1813
Bouvieria ocellata S. delle Chiaje, 1828
Bouvieria perforata Philippi, 1844
Pleurehdera Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1970
Pleurehdera haraldi Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1970
Pleurobranchus Cuvier, 1805
Tomthompsonia
Tomthompsonia antarctica Thiele, 1912
References
Encyclopaedia metropolitana, Volume 7, Plates to Zoology; plate Mollusca III (plate 4)
Bouchet, P. (2011). Pleurobranchidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2011-06-30
R. Willan (1987). "Phylogenetic systematics of the Notaspidea (Opisthobranchia) with a reappraisal of families and genera". Am. Malacol. Bull. 5: 215–241.
Aldo Spinella; Ernesto Mollo; Enrico Trivellone; Guido Cimino (December 1997). "Testudinariol A and B, two unusual triterpenoids from the skin and the mucus of the marine mollusc Pleurobranchus testudinarius". Tetrahedron. 53 (49): 16891–16896. doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(97)10124-7.
T. Thompson (1988). "Acidic allomones in marine organisms". J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K. 68 (3): 499–517. doi:10.1017/S0025315400043368.
Francisco José García; José Carlos García-Gómez; Jesús S. Troncoso; Juan Lucas Cervera (May 1994). "A descriptive study of some Antarctic notaspidean opisthobranchs (Gastropoda), with description of a new genus and species". Polar Biology. 14 (4): 261–268. doi:10.1007/bf00239174. S2CID 30362849.
Cervera et al. (2000). A new species of Berthella Blainville, 1824 (Opisthobranchia: Notaspidea) from the Canary Islands (Eastern Atlantic Ocean), with a re-examination of the phylogenetic relationships of the Notaspidea. J.Moll. Stud., 66: 3001-311.
Michael Schrödl (1999). "The genus Berthella Blainville, 1825 (Notaspidea, : Pleurobranchidae) from Magellanic waters". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 65 (4): 399–409. doi:10.1093/mollus/65.4.399.
Marcus, Ev. 1984. The Western Atlantic warm water Notaspidea (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia), Parte 2 Boletim de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo 8 p. 43-76.
Mörch, 1863. Contributions à la faune malacologique des Antilles danoises Journal de Conchyliologie 11 21-43.
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