Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Gastropoda
Subclassis: Heterobranchia
Infraclassis: Euthyneura
Cohors: Tectipleura
Subcohors: Panpulmonata
Superordo: Eupulmonata
Ordo: Stylommatophora
Subordo: Helicina
Infraordo: Arionoidei
Superfamilia: Arionoidea
Familia: Philomycidae
Genera (5): Granulilimax – Meghimatium – Pallifera – Pancalyptus – Philomycus
Name
Philomycidae Gray, 1847
References
Gray, J.E. 1847. A list of genera of Recent Mollusca, their synonyma and types. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 15: 170.
Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1-2): 269, 283.
Wiktor, A., D.-W. Chen, & W. Ming. 2000. Stylommatophoran slugs of China (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) — prodromus. Folia Malacologica 8 (1): 6.
Links
Philomycidae in the World Register of Marine Species
Philomycidae are a family of air-breathing land slugs (snails without shells or with only shell remnants). They are terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Arionoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
The family Philomycidae has no subfamilies.
Distribution
Slugs in this family are found in China, Japan, the East Indies, central and eastern North America, and through Central America into northern South America.
Anatomy
Members of this family most obviously differ from related slugs in that their mantles are broadly rounded, and very large, covering the entire body. (In mollusks, the mantle consists of the tissues that normally generate the shell. Being mostly or entirely without shells, most slugs have reduced mantles.)
Pilsbry (1948) stated that "the enormously developed mantle, the large empty shell sac, and the insertions of the free retractor muscles along the margins of the foot cavity, instead of dorsally as in the Arionidae are special to the Philomycidae".[2]
A further anatomical oddity of the group, shared with certain helicid and zonitid snails, is their creation and use of calcareous love darts during mating.[2][3]
In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 21 and 30 (according to the values in this table).[4]
Genera
Genera within the family Philomycidae include:
Megapallifera Hubricht, 1956
Meghimatium Hasselt, 1823 - synonym: Incilaria Benson, 1842[5]
Pallifera Morse, 1864
Philomycus Rafinesque, 1820 - the type genus
Cladogram
A cladogram based on sequences of cytochrome-c oxidase I (COI) genes showing phylogenic relations of genera in the family Philomycidae by Tsai & Wu (2008)[5] (simplified):
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Arion and Deroceras were used as outgroup.[5]
References
Gray J. E. (November 1847). A list of genera of Recent Mollusca, their synonyma and types. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 15: 129-182. Philomycidae is on the page 170.
Pilsbry H. A. (1948). "Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico)". Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monograph 3, 2(2): 748-750.
Örstan A. (2005). "The dissection selection: Philomycus carolinianus". Snail's Tales.
Barker G. M. (2001). Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.
Tsai C.-L. & Wu S.-K. (2008). "A New Meghimatium Slug (Pulmonata: Philomycidae) from Taiwan". Zoological Studies 47(6): 759-766. PDF.
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