Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Cephalopoda
Subclassis: Coleoidea
Cohors: Neocoleoidea
SuperOrdo: Decapodiformes
Ordo: Teuthida
SubOrdo: Oegopsina
Familia: Onychoteuthidae
Genus: Onychoteuthis
Species: O. horstkottei – ...
Name
Onychoteuthis Lichtenstein
References
Bolstad, K.S. 2008. Two new species and a review of the genus Onychoteuthis Lichtenstein, 1818 (Oegopsida: Onychoteuthidae) from the Pacific Ocean. Bulletin of marine science 83(3): 481–529. Abstract and pdf.
Bolstad, K.S.R. 2010. Systematics of the Onychoteuthidae Gray, 1847 (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida). Zootaxa 2696: 1–186. Preview Reference page.
Onychoteuthis banksii
Onychoteuthis compacta
Onychoteuthis is a genus of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. The type species is Onychoteuthis bergii. While the genus is found worldwide in tropical and subtropical oceans, they can also occur in the North Pacific Ocean. There were previously considered to be four species in the genus but there are now considered to be roughly 10. These squid are frequently observed in the surface waters at night and they are often caught using dipnet at nightlight stations. The young squid are usually the only specimens captured using standard midwater trawls, the older squid are apparently able to avoid the trawls. They can, however be collected from the air as individuals are able to leap high out of the water, sometimes even landing on the deck of a ship.[2]
Anatomy
Head and circum-oral processes of the fore-foot. a, Neck. b, Eye. c, The eight short arms. d, Long prehensile tentacles, the clavate extremities of which are provided with suckers at e, and with a double row of hooks beyond at f.
Most species belonging to the genus have a mantle length of under 200 mm, however the larger members may measure over 300 mm.[2] The species in this genus have a densely muscular, cylindrical mantle which is tapered posteriorly into a pointed tail. Their skin is smooth and has no warts or wrinkles. The gladius can be seen through the skin along the midline of the back. The fins are rhomboid in shape, heart shape or arrow shaped and are pointed posteriorly. The species of Onychoteuthis have 8-10 prominent nuchal folds. Their tentacular clubs have 2 central series of 19-27 large, strong hooks on their manus and the adults either have no lateral sucker series no marginal series of suckers. or they are vestigial. The chitinous rings of the suckers on the arms is smooth, with no teeth. They have photophores in their mantle cavity with a small one placed anteriorly on the ink sac, another near the anus; a large one placed posteriorly on the intestine and a bilobed photophore located on the ventral surface of each eye.[3]
Species
The following species are included in the genus:[1]
Onychoteuthis aequimanus Gabb, 1868
Onychoteuthis banksii (Leach, 1817), common clubhook squid
Onychoteuthis bergii Lichtenstein, 1818
Onychoteuthis borealijaponica Okada, 1927, boreal clubhook squid
Onychoteuthis compacta (Berry, 1913)
Onychoteuthis horstkottei Bolstad, 2010
Onychoteuthis lacrima Bolstad & Seki, 2008
Onychoteuthis meridiopacifica Rancurel & Okutani, 1990
Onychoteuthis mollis (Appellöf, 1891)
Onychoteuthis prolata Bolstad, Vecchione & Young, 2008
There are also two species which are considered taxa inquirendum and up to 11 which are classed as nomen dubia.[1]
References
Philippe Bouchet (2018). Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (eds.). "Onychoteuthis Lichtenstein, 1818". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
Bolstad, K.S.R.; Michael Vecchione; Richard E. Young & Kotaro Tsuchiya (2010). "Onychoteuthis Lichtenstein, 1818. Version 23 December 2010 (under construction)". The Tree of Life Web Project.
P. Jereb; C.F.E. Roper, eds. (2010). Cephalopods of the World an Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cephalopod Species Known to Date Volume 2 Myopsid and Oegopsid Squids (PDF). Food and Agriculture Organization Rome. p. 349. ISBN 978-92-5-106720-8.
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