Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Gastropoda
Subclassis: Heterobranchia
Infraclassis: Euthyneura
Cohortes (3): Acteonimorpha – Ringipleura – Tectipleura
Familia incertae sedis (1): Tjaernoeiidae
[source: Bouchet et al. (2017: 353)]
Name
Euthyneura Spengel, 1881: 372
References
Primary references
Spengel, J.W. 1881. Die Geruchsorgane und das Nervensystem der Mollusken. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 35(3): 333–383. BHL
Additional references
Bouchet, P., Rocroi, J.-P., Hausdorf, B., Kaim, A., Kano, Y., Nützel, A., Parkhaev, P., Schrödl, M., & Strong, E.E. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61(1–2): 1–526. DOI: 10.4002/040.061.0201Reference page.
Links
Euthyneura (Mollusca) in the World Register of Marine Species
Euthyneura is a taxonomic infraclass of snails and slugs, which includes species exclusively from marine, aquatic and terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the clade Heterobranchia.
Euthyneura are considered the crown group of Gastropoda, and are characterised by several autapomorphies, but are named for euthyneury. They are considered to be the most successful and diverse group of Gastropoda. Within this taxon, the Gastropoda have reached their peak in species richness and ecological diversity. This obvious evolutionary success can probably be attributed to several factors. Marine Opisthobranchia, e.g., have evolved several clades specialised on less used food resources such as sponges or cnidarians. A key innovation in the evolution of Pulmonata was the colonization of freshwater and terrestrial habitats.[3]
Berthella martensi, a pleurobranch with the gill on the right side.
Various phylogenetic studies focused on Euthyneura: Dayrat et al. (2001),[4] Dayrat & Tillier (2002)[5] and Grande et al. (2004).[6] Morphological analyses by Dayrat and Tillier (2002)[5] demonstrated the need to explore new datasets in order to critically analyse the phylogeny of this controversial group of gastropods. Klussmann-Kolb et al. (2008) traced an evolutionary scenario regarding colonisation of different habitats based on phylogenetic hypothesis and they showed that traditional classification of Euthyneura needs to be reconsidered.[3]
2010 taxonomy
Jörger et al. (2010)[7] have redefined major groups within the Heterobranchia and a cladogram showing phylogenic relations of Euthyneura is as follows:[7]
| Heterobranchia |
|
2014 taxonomy
Cladogram showing phylogenic relations of Euthyneura sensu Wägele et al. (2014):[8][2]
| Heterobranchia |
|
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2016 taxonomy
Kano et al. (2016) proposed a new taxon Ringipleura and classified Ringiculoidea as sister group to Nudipleura:[2]
| Heterobranchia |
|
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References
This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference[3]
Johann Wilhelm Spengel (1881). "Die Geruchsorgane und des Nervensystem der Mollusken". Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie 35(3): 333-383.
Kano, Yasunori; Brenzinger, Bastian; Nützel, Alexander; Wilson, Nerida G.; Schrödl, Michael (2016-08-08). "Ringiculid bubble snails recovered as the sister group to sea slugs (Nudipleura)". Scientific Reports. 6: 30908. Bibcode:2016NatSR...630908K. doi:10.1038/srep30908. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4976385. PMID 27498754.
Klussmann-Kolb A., Dinapoli A., Kuhn K., Streit B. & Albrecht C. (2008). "From sea to land and beyond – New insights into the evolution of euthyneuran Gastropoda (Mollusca)". BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008, 8: 57. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-57.
Dayrat B., Tillier A., Lecointre G. & Tillier S. (2001). "New clades of euthyneuran Gastropods (Mollusca) from 28S rRNA sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 19(2): 225-235. doi:10.1006/mpev.2001.0926.
Dayrat B. & Tillier S. (2002). "Evolutionary relationships of euthyneuran gastropods (Mollusca): a cladistic re-evaluation of morphological characters". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 135(4): 403-470. doi:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00018.x
Grande C., Templado J., Cervera J. L. & Zardoya R. (2004). "Molecular Phylogeny of Euthyneura (Mollusca: Gastropoda)". Molecular Biology and Evolution 21(2): 303-313. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh016.
Jörger K. M., Stöger I., Kano Y., Fukuda H., Knebelsberger T. & Schrödl M. (2010). "On the origin of Acochlidia and other enigmatic euthyneuran gastropods, with implications for the systematics of Heterobranchia". BMC Evolutionary Biology 10: 323. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-323.
Wägele H., Klussmann-Kolb A., Verbeek E. & Schrödl M. (2014). "Flashback and foreshadowing—a review of the taxon Opisthobranchia". Organisms Diversity & Evolution 14(1): 133–149. doi:10.1007/s13127-013-0151-5
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