Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Gastropoda
Subclassis: Caenogastropoda
Superfamilia Incertae sedis: Cerithioidea
Familia: Pachychilidae
Genus: Brotia
Taxonavigation
Taxonavigation: Cerithioidea
Familia: Pachychilidae
Genus: Brotia
Species (33): B. annamita – B. armata – B. binodosa – B. citrina – B. costula – B. dautzenbergiana – B. elongata – B. episcopalis – B. henriettae – B. herculea – B. hoabinhensis – B. indragirica – B. insolita – B. iravadica – B. jullieni – B. laodelectata – B. manningi – B. mariae – B. microsculpta – B. pagodula – B. paludiformis – B. peninsularis – B. praetermissa – B. pseudoasperata – B. pseudosulcospira – B. solemiana – B. siamensis – B. subgloriosa – B. sumatrensis – B. torquata – B. verbecki – B. wykoffi – B. yunnanensis
Name
Brotia Adams, 1866: 150
Gender: [feminine]
Original status: valid genus
Type Species: Melania pagodula Gould, 1847: 219
Fixation: original designation (p. 150) [and monotypy]
Synonymy
Antimelania Fischer & Crosse, 1892: 313
References
Primary references
Adams, H. 1866. Descriptions of a new genus and a new species of mollusks. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 150–151. BHL Reference page.
Gould, A.A. 1847. Dr. Gould described new shells, received from Rev. Mr. Mason, of Burmah, several of which had been furnished by the lady of one of his associates, Mrs. Vinton. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 2: 219.
Köhler, F. & Glaubrecht, M. 2001. Toward a systematic revision of the southeast Asian freshwater gastropod Brotia H. Adams, 1866 (Cerithioidea: Pachychylidae): An account of species from around the South China Sea. Journal of Molluscan Studies 67(3): 281–318. DOI: 10.1093/mollus/67.3.281 Reference page.
Köhler, F. & Glaubrecht, M. 2006. A systematic revision of the Southeast Asian freshwater gastropod Brotia (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae). Malacologia 48(1–2): 159–251. BHL Reference page.
Brotia is a genus of Southeast Asian freshwater snails, gastropod molluscs in the taxonomic family Pachychilidae.[3]
The generic name Brotia is apparently in honor of a Swiss malacologist Auguste Louis Brot (1821-1896).
Distribution of Brotia
Distribution
Species of Brotia occur in freshwater habitats of Southeast Asia, ranging from Northern India in the west through to Sumatra in the east. This range includes India, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, China (1 species),[4] Cambodia, Malaysia and Indonesia (Sumatra and Borneo only).
Biology
Species are found predominantly in fast flowing, well oxygenated rivers, occasionally also in lakes. They are gonochoristic, and viviparous, retaining developing eggs and youngs in special brood pouch.
Species
Species within the genus Brotia include:
† Brotia alpina (F. Sandberger, 1871)
Brotia annamita Köhler, Holford M., Do & Ho, 2009[5]
Brotia angulifera Brot, 1872 - incertae sedis[3]
Brotia armata (Brandt, 1874)[3]
Brotia assamensis (Nevill, 1885) - incertae sedis[3]
Brotia beaumetzi (Brot, 1887) - incertae sedis[3]
Brotia binodosa (Blanford, 1903)[3]
† Brotia bittneri (Oppenheim, 1895)
Brotia boenana (Brot, 1881)
Brotia borneensis (Schepman, 1896) - incertae sedis[3]
† Brotia castellaunensis (Boussac, 1911)
Brotia citrina (Brot, 1868)[3]
Brotia clavaeformis (Brot, 1874)
Brotia costula (Rafinesque, 1833)[3][6]
Brotia cylindrus (Brot, 1886) - incertae sedis[3]
Brotia dautzenbergiana (Morlet, 1884)[3]
Brotia episcopalis (H. Lea & I. Lea, 1851)[3]
Brotia godwini (Brot, 1875)[3]
Brotia henriettae (Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834)[3]
Brotia herculea (Gould, 1846)[3]
Brotia hoabinhensis Köhler, Holford, Do & Ho, 2009[5]
Brotia huberi Thach, 2021
Brotia indragirica (von Martens, 1900)[3]
Brotia insolita (Brot, 1868)[3]
Brotia iravadica (Blanford, 1869)[3]
Brotia jullieni (Deshayes, 1874)[3]
Brotia kelantanesis (Preston, 1907)[3]
Brotia laodelectata Köhler, 2008
† Brotia lhazeensis Yü, 1982
† Brotia lombersensis (Noulet, 1867)
† Brotia majevitzae (Oppenheim, 1901)
Brotia manningi Brandt, 1968[3]
Brotia mariae Köhler, 2008
Brotia microsculpta Brandt, 1968[3]
Brotia pageli (Thiele, 1908)[6]
Brotia pagodula (Gould, 1847)[3][6] - type species[5]
† Brotia palaeocostula Gurung, Takayasu & Matsuoka, 1997
Brotia paludiformis (Solem, 1966)[3]
Brotia peninsularis (Brandt, 1974)[3]
Brotia persculpta (Ehrmann, 1922)
Brotia praetermissa Köhler & Glaubrecht, 2002[3]
Brotia pseudoasperata Brandt, 1968[3]
Brotia pseudosulcospira (Brandt, 1968)[3]
Brotia siamensis (Brot, 1886)[3]
Brotia solemiana (Brandt, 1968)[3]
Brotia sooloensis (Reeve, 1859) - incertae sedis[3]
Brotia spinata (Godwin-Austen, 1872) - incertae sedis[3]
Brotia subgloriosa (Brandt, 1968)[3]
Brotia sumatrensis (Brot, 1875)[3]
Brotia torquata (von dem Busch, 1842)[3]
Brotia verbecki (Brot, 1886)[3]
Brotia wykoffi (Brandt, 1974)[3]
Brotia yunnanensis Köhler, Du & Yang, 2010[4]
Brotia zonata (Benson, 1836) - incertae sedis[3]
Synonyms:
Brotia asperata (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of Jagora asperata (Lamarck, 1822)
Brotia baccata (Gould, 1847): synonym of Brotia henriettae (Gray, 1834)
Brotia delavayana Heude, 1888 : synonym of Sulcospira delavayana (Heude, 1888)
† Brotia escheri aquitanica (Noulet, 1846): synonym of † Tinnyea aquitanica (Noulet, 1846)
† Brotia escheri auingeri (Handmann, 1882): synonym of † Tinnyea lauraea (Matheron, 1842)
Brotia hainanensis (Brot, 1872):[6] synonym of Sulcospira hainanensis (Brot, 1874)
Brotia hamonvillei : synonym of Sulcospira tonkiniana (Morelet, 1886)
Brotia infracostata (Mousson, 1848): synonym of Sulcospira infracostata (Mousson, 1848)
Brotia proteus (Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1908): synonym of Sulcospira dakrongensis Köhler, Holford, Do & Ho, 2009
Brotia swinhoei (H. Adams, 1870): synonym of Sulcospira swinhoei (H. Adams, 1870)
Brotia testudinaria (von dem Busch, 1842):[6] synonym of Sulcospira testudinaria (von dem Busch, 1842)
Brotia tourannensis: synonym of Sulcospira tourannensis (Souleyet, 1852)
Brotia variabilis (Benson, 1836): synonym of Brotia costula (Rafinesque, 1833)
References
Adams H. (1866). "Description of a new genus and a new species of mollusks". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 150-151.
Fischer P. & Crosse H. (1892). "Mission scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amérique Centrale". Recherches zoologiques, Partie 7, 2(13): 117-392.
Köhler F. & Glaubrecht M. (2006). "A systematic revision of the Southeast Asian freshwater gastropod Brotia (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae)". Malacologia 48: 159-251.
Köhler F., Du L.-N. & Yang J.-X. (2010). "A new species of Brotia from Yunnan, China (Caenogastropoda, Pachychilidae)". Zoosystematics and Evolution 86(2): 295-300. doi:10.1002/zoos.201000012.
Köhler F., Holford, Do V. T. & Ho T. H. (2009). "Exploring a largely unknown fauna: On the diversity of pachychilid freshwater gastropods in Vietnam (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea)". Molluscan Research 29(3): 121-146. abstract.
Köhler F. & Glaubrecht M. (2001). "Toward a systematic revision of the Southeast Asian freshwater gastropod Brotia H. – Adams, 1866 (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae): an account of species from around the South China Sea". Journal of Molluscan Studies 67(3): 281-318. doi:10.1093/mollus/67.3.281
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