Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Gastropoda
Subclassis: Heterobranchia
Infraclassis: Euthyneura
Cohors: Tectipleura
Subcohors: Panpulmonata
SuperOrdo: Eupulmonata
Ordo: Stylommatophora
SubOrdo: Helicina
InfraOrdo: Orthalicoidei
Superfamilia: Orthalicoidea
Familia: Bothriembryontidae
Subfamilia (3): Bothriembryontinae – Placostylinae – Prestonellinae
Genera overview (16): Aspastus – Basileostylus – Bothriembryon – Callistocharis – Diplomorpha – Discoleus – Eumecostylus – Euplacostylus – Leucocharis – Placocharis – Placostylus – Plectostylus – Poecilocharis – Prestonella – Quiros – Santacharis
Name
Bothriembryontidae Iredale, 1937
References
Additional references
Breure, A.S.H. & Ablett, J.D. 2012. Annotated type catalogue of the Bothriembryontidae and Odontostomidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in the Natural History Museum, London. ZooKeys 182: 1–70. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.182.2720 Reference page.
Breure, A.S.H. & Romero, P.E. 2012. Support and surprises: molecular phylogeny of the land snail superfamily Orthalicoidea using a three-locus gene analysis with a divergence time analysis and ancestral area reconstruction (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Archiv für Molluskenkunde 141(1): 1–20. DOI: 10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/141/001-020 Reference page.
van Bruggen, A.C., Herbert, D.G. & Breure, A.S.H. 2016. Prestonellinae—validation of the name as a new subfamily of Bothriembryontidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea). Zootaxa 4084(4): 590–592. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4084.4.9.Reference page.
Links
Bothriembryontidae in the World Register of Marine Species
Bothriembryontidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Orthalicoidea.
Taxonomy
This family has been named Placostylidae and had no subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).[4]
Breure et al. (2010)[5] moved Prestonella and Bothriembryon to Placostylidae.
Breure & Romero (2012)[2] confirmed previous results from 2010 and they renamed Placostylidae to Bothriembryontidae.[2]
subfamily Bothriembryontinae Iredale, 1937
subfamily Placostylinae Pilsbry, 1946 - for species from New Zealand and Melanesia[2]
Prestonellinae was formally described as a new subfamily within Bothriembryontidae in 2016.[6] Therefore three subfamilies are recognized in Bothriembryontidae:
subfamily Bothriembryontinae Iredale, 1937
subfamily Placostylinae Pilsbry, 1946
Prestonellinae van Bruggen, Herbert & Breure, 2016[6]
Genera
Genera within the family Bothriembryontidae include:
Bothriembryontinae
Bothriembryon - the type genus of the family Bothriembryontidae[2][5][7]
Placostylinae
Archaeostylus Brook & Hayward, 2022[8]
Aspastus Albers, 1850[7]
Basileostylus F. Haas, 1935
Callistocharis Pilsbry, 1900[7]
Diplomorpha Ancey, 1884
Eumecostylus Martens in Albers, 1860[2][7]
Euplacostylus Crosse, 1875[7]
Leucocharis Pilsbry, 1900
Placocharis Pilsbry, 1900[2][7]
Placostylus Beck, 1837 - the type genus of the (sub)family Placostylidae[2][4][7]
Poecilocharis Kobelt, 1891[7]
Quiros Solem, 1959
Santacharis Iredale, 1927[7]
Prestonellinae
Discoleus Breure, 1978[2][6]
Plectostylus Beck, 1837[2][6][7]
Prestonella Connolly, 1929[2][5][7] - type genus of the subfamily Prestonellinae[6]
A cladogram based on nuclear ITS2, 28S rRNA and histone 3 (H3) and sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase I (COI) genes showing phylogenic relations of Bothriembryontidae by Breure & Romero (2012):[2]
Bothriembryontidae
Plectostylus
Plectostylus peruvianus
Discoleus
Discoleus ameghinoi
Prestonella
Prestonella bowkeri
Prestonella nuptialis
Bothriembryon
Bothriembryon dux
Bothriembryon indutus
Placostylus
Placostylus eddystonensis
Placostylus ambagiosus
Eumecostylus
Eumecostylus uliginosus
Placocharis
Placocharis strangei
Distribution
Bothriembryontidae have Gondwanan distribution.[2]
References
MolluscaBase (2018). Helicina. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=994701 on 2018-02-22
Breure A. S. H. & Romero P. (2012). "Support and surprises: molecular phylogeny of the land snail superfamily Orthalicoidea using a three-locus gene analysis with a divergence time analysis and ancestral area reconstruction (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)". Archiv für Molluskenkunde: International Journal of Malacology 141(1): 1-20. doi:10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/141/001-020.
Pilsbry H. A. (1946). "Notes on the anatomy of Australian and Galapagos Bulimidae (Mollusca, Pulmonata)." Notulae Naturae of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 168: 1-4. Placostylidae is on the page 3.
Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. 47 (1–2). Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks: 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
Breure A. S. H., Groenenberg D. S. J. & Schilthuizen M. (2010). "New insights in the phylogenetic relations within the Orthalicoidea (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) based on 28S sequence data". Basteria 74(1-3): 25-31.
Bruggen A. C. van, Herbert D. G. & Breure A. S. H. (2016). "Prestonellinae – validation of the name as a new subfamily of Bothriembryontidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea)". Zootaxa 4084: 590–592.
Breure A. S. H. & Ablett J. D. (2012) "Annotated type catalogue of the Bothriembryontidae and Odontostomidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in the Natural History Museum, London". ZooKeys 182: 1-70. doi:10.3897/zookeys.182.2720.
Brook, Fred J.; Hayward, Bruce W. (2022-05-23). "Taxonomy and taphonomy of Pliocene bulimoid land snails from Māngere, northern New Zealand, with descriptions of a new genus and two new species (Gastropoda: Bothriembryontidae: Placostylinae)". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 65 (3): 491–506. doi:10.1080/00288306.2022.2072904. ISSN 0028-8306. S2CID 249034879.
Further reading
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bothriembryontidae.
(in German) Neubert E. & Janssen R. (2004). "Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg, 84: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Orthalicoidea: Bulimulidae (2), Orthalicidae, Placostylidae". Archiv für Molluskenkunde 133: 193-297. abstract.
Pilsbry H. A. (1900). Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. Volume 13. Australasian Bulimulidae: Bothriembryon, Placostylus. Helicidae: Amphidromus. 253 pp., 72 plates.
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