Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Subphylum: Eleutherozoa
Superclassis: Cryptosyringida
Classis: Echinoidea
Subclassis: Perischoechinoidea
Ordo: Cidaroida
Familia: Cidaridae
Subfamiliae: Cidarinae – Goniocidarinae – Stereocidarinae – Stylocidarinae – †Typocidarinae
Genera: Acanthocidaris – †Almucidaris – Austrocidaris – Calocidaris – Centrocidaris – Chondrocidaris – Chorocidaris – Cidaris – Compsocidaris – †Cyathocidaris – Eucidaris – Goniocidaris – Hesperocidaris – †Hirudocidaris – Kionocidaris – Lissocidaris – Ogmocidaris – Phalacrocidaris – Phyllacanthus – †Plegiocidaris – Plococidaris – Prionocidaris – Psilocidaris – Rhopalocidaris – Schizocidaris – †Sinaecidaris – Stereocidaris – Stylocidaris – †Temnocidaris – Tretocidaris – †Triassicidaris – †Typocidaris
Name
Cidaridae Gray, 1825
Type genus: Cidaris Leske, 1778, by original designation.
Synonymy
Cidaridae Gray, 1825: 426; — Mortensen, 1903: 11–16; — H.L. Clark: 163–182.
References
Clark, H.L. 1907. The Cidaridae. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 51(7): 163–230. BHL. Reference page.
Gray, J.E. 1825. An attempt to divide the Echinida, or sea eggs, into natural families. Annals of Philosophy. 10: 423–431. BHL. Reference page.
Mortensen, T. 1903. Echinoidea (Part I). The Danish Ingolf-Expedition 4: 198 pp, 21 pls. BHL Reference page.
Cidaridae is a family of sea urchins in the order Cidaroida.
Description and characteristics
Typical test of a cidarid sea urchin (Phyllacanthus imperialis).
Cidarid sea urchins are characterized by their stout skeleton : the test is thick and hard, with massive perforated tubercles (never crenulated) surrounded by a crown of secondary tubercles, but no primary tubercles in the interambulacra regions. These tubercles hold massive spines, thick, strong and often very long, and showing sometimes odd shapes (thorny spines, fans, clubs, Christmas trees[1]...).[2][3]
The order Cidaroida is the basalmost of current sea urchins, and most of the species included in this family are abyssal, even if a handful of species remain quite common in tropical shallow waters, like Eucidaris or Phyllacanthus.
Genera
Primary spines from the family Cidaridae
According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), the following genera are included in this family [4]
Subfamily Cidarinae (Mortensen, 1928a)
Genus Calocidaris (H.L. Clark, 1907)
Genus Centrocidaris (A. Agassiz, 1904)
Genus Chondrocidaris (A. Agassiz, 1863)
Genus Chorocidaris (Ikeda, 1941)
Genus Cidaris (Leske, 1778)
Genus Compsocidaris (Ikeda, 1939)
Genus Eucidaris (Pomel, 1883)
Genus Hesperocidaris (Mortensen, 1928b)
Genus Kionocidaris (Mortensen, 1932)
Genus Lissocidaris (Mortensen, 1939)
Genus Tretocidaris (Mortensen, 1903b)
Subfamily Goniocidarinae (Mortensen, 1928a)
Genus Austrocidaris (H.L. Clark, 1907)
Genus Goniocidaris (Desor, in Agassiz & Desor, 1846)
Genus Ogmocidaris (Mortensen, 1921)
Genus Psilocidaris (Mortensen, 1927)
Genus Rhopalocidaris (Mortensen, 1927)
Genus Schizocidaris (Mortensen, 1903b)
Genus Adelcidaris (Cotton & Godfrey, 1942) (nomen dubium)
Tribe Phyllacanthina (Smith & Wright, 1989)
Genus Phyllacanthus (Brandt, 1835)
Subfamily Stereocidarinae (Lambert, 1900)
Genus Phalacrocidaris (Lambert, 1902)
Genus Stereocidaris (Pomel, 1883)
Subfamily Stylocidarinae (Mortensen, 1903)
Genus Acanthocidaris (Mortensen, 1903b)
Genus Plococidaris (Mortensen, 1909)
Genus Prionocidaris (A. Agassiz, 1863)
Genus Stylocidaris (Mortensen, 1909)
A now abandoned genus, Cidarites was used in the late 18th and early 19th century to describe a number of species of both cidarid and echid sea urchins.[5]
References
Mah, Christopher L. (December 7, 2009). "The Echinoderm Christmas Tree?? Antarctic Cidaroid Sea Urchins!". Echinoblog.
Mah, Christopher L. (August 20, 2013). "Strange Urchin Spines! Past and Present!". Echinoblog.
Mah, Christopher L. (May 20, 2015). "What is Going on with cidaroid sea urchins and their WEIRD spines??". Echinoblog.
WoRMS : Cidaridae
"Cidarites auct". WoRMS. Retrieved 9 April 2013.
The Echinoid Directory : Taxonomy; Natural History Museum, London
Description of the Cidaridae; Natural History Museum, London
Hansson, H.G. (2001). Echinodermata, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 336–351
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