Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Perciformes
Subordo: Cottoidei
Infraordo: Zoarcales
Familia: Zoarcidae
Genus: Zoarces
Species: Z. americanus – Z. andriashevi – Z. elongatus – Z. fedorovi – Z. gillii – Z. viviparus
Name
Zoarces Cuvier, 1829
Gender: masculine
Type species: Blennius vivipiarus Linnaeus, 1758
Vernacular names
eesti: Emakala
日本語: ナガガジ属
Zoarces is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Zoarcidae, the eelpouts. It is the only genus in the subfamily Zoarcinae. These eelpouts are found in the northern Atlantic and northern Pacific Oceans.
Taxonomy
Zoarces was first proposed as a genus in 1829 by the French zoologist Georges Cuvier. Blennius viviparus, which had been described in 1758 by Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae from "European seas". was subsequently designated as the type species.[3][4] Zoarces is the only genus classified within the subfamily Zoarcinae, one of 4 subfamilies in the family Zoarcidae.[5]
Etymology
Zoarces means "viviparous", i.e. giving birth to live young, however these fishes are ovoviviparous.[6]
Species
Zoarces contains the following species:[7]
Zoarces americanus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) - ocean pout
Zoarces andriashevi Parin, Grigoryev & Karmovskaya, 2005
Zoarces elongatus Kner, 1868
Zoarces fedorovi Chereshnev, Nazarkin & Chegodayeva, 2007[8]
Zoarces gillii Jordan and Starks, 1905 - blotched eelpout
Zoarces viviparus (Linnaeus, 1758) - viviparous eelpout
Characteristics
Zoarces eelpouts are characterised by having an elongated body and tail with between 101 and 1456 vertebrae, each with a single epural which has two rays. The branchiostegal membrane is joined to the isthmus. They have an interorbital pore. The caudal fin contains between 9 and 11 fin rays. There are 6 suborbital bones form a semicircle around the eye. There are sharp, stiff spines at the rear of the dorsal fin, although infrequently this is absent in one species.[5] The largest species is the ocean pout which has reached a maximum published total length of 110 cm (43 in), the largest of the Zoarcids, while the smallest is the Z. fedorovi with a maximum published total length of 31.5 cm (12.4 in).[7]
Distribution and habitat
Zoarces eelpouts are found in the northern Pacific Ocean and northern Atlantic Ocean, They are found from the sublittoral zone and continental shelf down to depths of 300 m (980 ft),[5] some even enter brackish water when spawning in the winter.[9]
References
Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved 2007-12-25.
Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 001–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Zoarciinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Zoarces". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
Anderson , M. E. and V. V . Fedorov (2004). "Family Zoarcidae Swainson 1839 — eelpouts" (PDF). California Academy of Sciences Annotated Checklists of Fishes. 34.
Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (6 May 2022). "Order Perciformes Suborder Cottoidea: Infraorder Zoarcales: Family: Zoarcidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2022). Species of Zoarces in FishBase. June 2022 version.
Chereshnev, Nazarkin & Chegodayeva (2007). "Zoarces fedorovi sp. nova (Perciformes: Zoarcidae), a new species of eelpout from the Tauyskaya Bay of the Sea of Okhotsk". Voprosy Ikhtiologii. 47 (5): 589–600.
M. Eric Anderson (1994). "Systematics and Osteology of the Zoarcidae (Teleostei: Perciformes)". Ichthyological Bulletin of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology. 60.
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