Triglopsis quadricornis
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Perciformes
Subordo: Cottoidei
Infraordo: Cottales
Familia: Cottidae
Genus: Triglopsis
Species: Triglopsis quadricornis
Name
Triglopsis quadricornis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Original combination: Cottus quadricornis
References
Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiæ: impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. i–ii, 1–824 pp DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542: 264. Reference page.
Triglopsis quadricornis in the World Register of Marine Species
Vernacular names
català: Triglopsis quadricornis
dansk: Hornulk
Deutsch: Vierhörniger Seeskorpion
English: Fourhorn sculpin
eesti: Merihärg
suomi: Härkäsimppu
français: Chaboisseau à quatre cornes
magyar: Négyszarvú skorpióhal
lietuvių: Ragys
norsk nynorsk: Hornulke
norsk: Hornulke
polski: Kur rogacz
português: Myoxocephalus quadricornis
саха тыла: Муора быдьар балыга
српски / srpski: Triglopsis quadricornis
svenska: Hornsimpa
Tiếng Việt: Fourhorn sculpin
The fourhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) is a species of fish in the family Cottidae. It is a demersal fish distributed mainly in brackish arctic coastal waters in Canada, Greenland, Russia, and Alaska, and also as a relict in the boreal Baltic Sea. There are also freshwater populations in the lakes of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Karelia (NW Russia) and in Arctic Canada (Nunavut and Northwest Territories).
The deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii of continental North American freshwater lakes (e.g., the Great Lakes) is closely related to the fourhorn sculpin and alternatively considered as a subspecies of the latter, Myoxocephalus quadricornis thompsonii.
Description
The fourhorn sculpin has a large knobbly head with protruding lips and four bony protuberances, though the latter are not present in freshwater, lake forms of this fish. The pectoral fins are large and rounded. Freshwater forms resemble the Alpine bullhead and European bullhead but can be distinguished from them by the fact that the dorsal and anal fins terminate further forward giving a greater length to the caudal peduncle. The head, body and fins are brownish, mottled and barred with darker colour. The belly of the male is yellowish-brown while that of the female is whitish. In the sea this fish reaches 20 to 30 cm (8 to 12 in) but in lakes it seldom exceeds 15 cm (6 in).[2]
Biology
The fourhorn sculpin feeds on bottom-dwelling invertebrates and fish eggs. It breeds in winter between November and March and the male tends the eggs. He digs a hollow in the substrate into which the female lays a batch of eggs. He then remains on guard, fanning the eggs with his fins throughout the hundred-day incubation period.[2]
References
NatureServe (2018) [amended version of 2013 assessment]. "Myoxocephalus quadricornis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T14214A134235538. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T14214A134235538.en. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
"Fourhorn sculpin: Triglopsis quadricornis". NatureGate. Retrieved 2013-12-17.
Bibliography
COSEWIC Assessment and Update Status Report on the Fourhorn Sculpin Myoxocephalus quadricornis Freshwater form in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. 2003.
NatureServe (2018). "Myoxocephalus quadricornis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T14214A134235538. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T14214A134235538.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
Fourhorn sculpin Game and Fisheries Research.
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