Schultzea

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Perciformes
Subordo: Percoidei
Superfamilia: Percoidea

Familia: Sciaenidae
Genus: Sciaena
Species: S. callaensis – S. deliciosa – S. umbra – S. wieneri

Nomina dubia: S. cappa – S. lepisma – S. unimaculata

Name

Sciaena Linnaeus, 1758
Gender: feminine
Type species: Sciaena umbra

References

Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiæ: impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. i–ii, 1–824 pp DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542: 288. Reference page.
Sciaena – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Sciaena species list in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2023. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 10/2023.
Sciaena in the World Register of Marine Species

Sciaena is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. These fishes are found in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and the Eastern Atlantic Ocean.
Taxonomy

Sciaena was first proposed as a genus in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus when he described Sciaena umbra in the 10th edition of his Systema Naturae.[1] The genus has, at one time or another, included many of the larger Sciaenid species but it is considered to comprise three valid species, two in the eastern Pacific and one in the eastern Atlantic.[2] However, other authors have argued that the Pacific and Atlantic species are not closely related and that Sciaena sensu stricto is monospecific. They further argue that Sciaena callaensis is probably a synonym of Sciaena deliciosa and that this species should be classified in the genus Callaus.[3]

Sciaena is the type genus of subfamily Sciaeninae recognised by some workers,[4] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sciaenidae which it places in the order Acanthuriformes.[5]
Etymology

Sciaena is thought to have been derived from the Greek skiaina, a name used for marine fishes which resembled perch and in modern usage means Sciaenids.[6]
Species

There are currently 3 recognised species in this genus:[2]

Sciaena callaensis Hildebrand, 1946 (Callao drum)
Sciaena deliciosa (Tschudi, 1846) (Lorna drum)
Sciaena umbra Linnaeus, 1758 (Brown meagre)

Characteristics

Sciaena drums have elongate. torpedo-shaped bodies, the body's height being around one-third of its standard length. They have a small to moderately sized, oblique mouth with the teeth arranged in bands on the jaws. They do not have any barbels on the chin. The preoperculum is unserrated, or it may be slightly serrated at its corner. There is a deep incision between the spiny and soft-rayed portions of the dorsal fin, which is supported by 10 or 11 spines and between 21 and 24 soft rays. The short based anal fin is supported by 2 spines and 9 or 10 soft rays with the second spine being half the length of the first ray. The body is covered in relatively large ctenoid scales.[7] The largest species in the genus is the brown meagre (S. umbra) with a maximum published total length of 70 cm (28 in)>[2]
Distribution

Sciaena drums are found in the eastern Pacific Ocean off western South America and in the eastern Atlantic Ocean,[2] in the Mediterranean Sea and in the Black Sea.[8]
References

Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Sciaenidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2023). Species of Sciaena in FishBase. February 2023 version.
Béarez, P. & Schwarzhans, W. (2014). "Robaloscion, a new genus for Sciaena wieneri Sauvage, 1883 (Teleostei, Sciaenidae) from the southeastern Pacific, with clarification of the taxonomic status of Sciaena starksi Evermann & Radcliffe, 1917" (PDF). Cybium. 37 (4): 273–279.
Kunio Sasaki (1989). "Phylogeny of the family Sciaenidae, with notes on its Zoogeography (Teleostei, Peciformes)" (PDF). Memoirs of the Faculty of Fishes Hokkaido University. 36 (1–2): 1–137.
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 497–502. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (9 March 2023). "Series Eupercaria (Incertae sedis): Families Callanthidae, Centrogenyidae, Dinopercidae, Emmelichthyidae, Malacanthidae, Monodactylidae, Moronidae, Parascorpididae, Sciaenidae and Sillagidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
"Genus: Sciaena, Drums". Shorefishes of the Eastern Pacific online information system. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2023). "Sciaena umbra" in FishBase. February 2023 version.