Sander

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Perciformes
Subordo: Percoidei
Superfamilia: Percoidea

Familia: Percidae
Subfamilia: Luciopercinae
Genus: Sander
Species: S. canadensis – S. lucioperca – S. marinus – †S. svetovidovi – S. vitreus – S. volgensis
Name

Sander Oken, 1817

Type species: Perca lucioperca Linnaeus, 1758

Synonyms

Cynoperca (subgenus of Stizostedion) Gill & Jordan in Jordan, 1877
Lucioperca Schinz, 1822
Mimoperca (subgenus of Stizostedion) Gill & Jordan in Jordan, 1877
Sandat Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1828
Sandrus Stark, 1828
Schilus Jarocki, 1822
Stizostedion (subgenus of Perca) Rafinesque, 1820

References

Haponski, A. E. & Stepien, C. A.; 2013: Phylogenetic and biogeographical relationships of the Sander pikeperches (Percidae: Perciformes): patterns across North America and Eurasia. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Article first published online: 14 JUN 2013 DOI: 10.1111/bij.12114
Oken, L.; 1817: V. Kl. Fische. Isis (Oken) 8 (no. 148): 1779–1782 [for 1179-1182 + [1182a]].

Links

Sander (Percidae) – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Sander species list in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2024. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2024.

Vernacular names
беларуская: Судакі
English: Pikeperches
français: Sandres

Sander (formerly known as Stizostedion) is a genus of predatory ray-finned fish in the family Percidae, which also includes the perches, ruffes, and darters. They are also known as "pike-perch" because of their resemblance to fish in the unrelated Esocidae (pike) family. They are the only genus in the monotypic tribe Luciopercini, which is one of two tribes in the subfamily Luciopercinae.
Characteristics

Sander species have elongated and laterally compressed bodies and they range in total length from 45 cm (18 in) in the Volga pikeperch (S. volgensis) to 130 cm (51 in) in the zander (S. lucioperca). The species within the genus share canine-like teeth that are at their largest in the zander, and although they are not present in adult Volga pikeperches, they do possess them as juveniles. in addition, they have thin rows of teeth on their jaws, vomer, and palatines, the preopercle shows strong serrations along its edges, a continuous lateral line reaches all the way from the head to the caudal fin, and this is flanked by additional lateral lines, one each on the upper and lower lobes of the deeply forked caudal fin. Further features in common include the absence of genital papillae, seven or eight branchiostegal rays, 12–13 soft rays in the anal fin, and the eye has a reflective layer behind the retina, known as a tapetum lucidum, which is an adaptation for seeing in low-light conditions.[3] The species in the genus Sander are largely piscivorous as adults.[4]
Species

The genus includes these species:[5]

Sander canadensis Griffith & Smith, 1834 (sauger)
Sander lucioperca Linnaeus, 1758 (zander)
Sander marinus G. Cuvier, 1828 (estuarine perch)
Sander vitreus Mitchill, 1818 (walleye)
Sander volgensis J. F. Gmelin, 1789 (Volga pikeperch)

Phylogeny

Phylogenetic relationships of the species of genus Sander based on the concatenated data set of six gene regions and a Bayesian analysis.[6] Romanichthys valsanicola is the nearest living relative of the genus Sander and is used as an outgroup to root the tree.

This is not universally accepted, though, and the asprete (Romanichthys valsanicola) has been more recently placed within the genus Zingel.[3]

Two clades are within the genus, a Eurasian one and a North American one, which separated from a common ancestor around 20.8 million years ago (Mya) in the Miocene, when the North Atlantic Land Bridge connecting Europe to eastern North America subsided. The Eurasian clade then speciated from 13.8 Mya, while the two North American species speciated around 5.4 Mya.[3]
References

Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 001–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Sander". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
Carol A. Stepien & Amanda Haponski (2015). "Taxonomy, Distribution, and Evolution of the Percidae". In Patrick Kestemont; Konrad Dabrowski & Robert C. Summerfelt (eds.). Biology and Culture of Percid Fishes. Springer, Dordrecht. pp. 3–60. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-7227-3_1. ISBN 978-94-017-7227-3.
"Pikeperch". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2019). Species of Sander in FishBase. December 2019 version.

A.E. Haponski and C.A. Stepien (2013). "Phylogenetic and biogeographical relationships of the Sander pikeperches (Percidae: Perciformes): patterns across North America and Eurasia". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 110: 156–179. doi:10.1111/bij.12114.

"Sander". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 6 June 2006.