Salmo

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors/Superordo: Protacanthopterygii
Ordo: Salmoniformes

Familia: Salmonidae
Subfamilia: Salmoninae
Genus: Salmo
Species (44): S. abanticus – S. akairos – S. aphelios – S. balcanicus – S. carpio – S. caspius – S. cenerinus – S. cettii – S. chilo – S. ciscaucasicus – S. coruhensis – S. dentex – S. ezenami – S. farioides – S. ferox – S. fibreni – S. ischchan – S. kottelati – S. labecula – S. labrax – S. letnica – S. lourosensis – S. lumi – S. macedonicus – S. marmoratus – S. montenigrinus – S. multipunctatus – S. nigripinnis – S. obtusirostris – S. ohridanus – S. opimus – S. pallaryi – S. pelagonicus – S. peristericus – S. platycephalus – S. rhodanensis – S. rizeensis – S. salar – S. schiefermuelleri – S. stomachicus – S. taleri – S. tigridis – S. trutta – S. viridis – S. visovacensis – S. zrmanjaensis

Name

Salmo Linnaeus, 1758
Gender: masculine
Type species: Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758

Synonyms

Acantholingua Hadzisce, 1960
Fario Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1848
Platysalmo (subgenus of Salmo) Behnke, 1968
Salar Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1848
Salmothymus Berg, 1908
Trutta Garsault, 1764: pl. 665
Truttae (subgenus of Salmo) Linnaeus, 1758

References
Primary references

Garsault, F.A.P. de 1764. Les figures des plantes et animaux d'usage en médecine, décrits dans la Matière Médicale de Mr. Geoffroy Médecin, dessinés d'après nature. Gravés par Mrs. Defehrt, Prevost, Duflos, Martinet &c. Niquet scrip. Vol. 5. pl. 644–729. Paris: Desprez. BHL. Reference page.
Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiæ: impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. i–ii, 1–824 pp DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542: 308. Open access Reference page.

Additional references

Delling, B. 2010: Diversity of western and southern Balkan trouts, with the description of a new species from the Louros River, Greece (Teleostei: Salmonidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 21 (4): 331–344. Abstract & excerpt
Turan, D.; Kottelat, M.; Bektaş, Y. 2011: Salmo tigridis, a new species of trout from the Tigris River, Turkey (Teleostei: Salmonidae). Zootaxa, 2993: 23–33. Preview
Salmo and its species (including synonyms) in Catalog of Fishes, Eschmeyer, W.N., Fricke, R. & van der Laan, R. (eds.) 2024. Catalog of Fishes electronic version.

Links

Salmo species list in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2024. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2024.
ION
Salmo – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Nomenclator Zoologicus

Vernacular names
Deutsch: Lachse und Forellen
eesti: Lõhe, Väärislõhe, Pärislõhe
հայերեն: Սաղմոն
日本語: タイセイヨウサケ属

Salmo is a genus of ray-finned fish from the subfamily Salmoninae of family Salmonidae, and is part of the tribe Salmonini along with the sister genera Salvelinus and Salvethymus. Almost all Salmo species are native only in the Old World (including most of Europe, coastal North Africa and part of West Asia around the Black Sea), the only exception being the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), which is also naturally found across the North Atlantic in eastern North America.

The number of distinct species and subspecies in Salmo is a debated issue. The Atlantic salmon and brown trout (Salmo trutta) are widespread species and have been introduced worldwide as farmed food fish or recreational game fish, while most of the other Salmo species are narrowly distributed forms endemic to single watersheds.

The name Salmo derives from the Latin salmō, meaning salmon. Vast majority of the Salmo species are actually trout, except the Atlantic salmon, which along with six Pacific species from the genus Oncorhynchus (also from the subfamily Salmoninae, but of a different tribe) constitute the only seven officially recognized species of salmon.
Species

The species currently listed in this genus are:

• Salmo abanticus Tortonese, 1954 (Lake Abant trout)
• Salmo aestivalis Fortunatov, 1926 (Lake Sevan summer trout)
• Salmo akairos Delling & Doadrio, 2005 (Lake Ifni trout)
• Salmo aphelios Kottelat, 1997 (summer trout)
• Salmo balcanicus (S. L. Karaman, 1927) (Struga trout)
• Salmo baliki Turan, İsmail Aksu, Münevver Oral, Kaya, Bayçelebi - 2021^[2]
• Salmo carpio Linnaeus, 1758 (Lake Garda trout)
• Salmo caspius Kessler, 1877 (Caspian trout) ^[3]
• Salmo cettii Rafinesque, 1810 (Mediterranean trout)
• Salmo chilo Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012^[4]
• Salmo ciscaucasicus Dorofeeva, 1967 (Terek trout)
• Salmo coruhensis Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010 (Çoruh river trout) ^[5]
• Salmo danilewskii (Gul'elmi, 1888) (Gokcha lake trout)
• Salmo dentex (Heckel, 1851) (Zubatak trout)
• Salmo euphrataeus Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2014 (Euphrates trout) ^[6]
• Salmo ezenami L. S. Berg, 1948 (Kezenoi-am trout)
• Salmo farioides S. L. Karaman, 1938 (Balkan brook trout)
• Salmo ferox Jardine, 1835 (Ferox trout)
• Salmo fibreni Zerunian & Gandolfi, 1990 (Fibreno trout)
• Salmo gegarkuni Kessler, 1877 (Gokcha trout)
• Salmo ischchan Kessler, 1877 (Sevan trout)
• Salmo kottelati Turan, Doğan, Kaya, & Kanyılmaz, 2014 (Alakir trout) ^[3]
• Salmo labecula Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012 ^[4]
• Salmo labrax Pallas, 1814 (Black Sea trout)
• Salmo letnica (S. L. Karaman, 1924) (Pestani trout)
• Salmo lourosensis Delling, 2011 (Louros trout)
• Salmo lumi G. D. Poljakov, Filipi, Basho & Hysenaj, 1958 (Lumi trout)
• Salmo macedonicus (S. L. Karaman, 1924) (Macedonian trout)
• Salmo macrostigma (A. H. A. Duméril, 1858) (Maghreb trout)
• Salmo marmoratus G. Cuvier, 1829 (marble trout)
• Salmo montenigrinus (S. L. Karaman, 1933) (Montenegro trout)
• Salmo multipunctata Doadrio, Perea & Yahyaoui, 2015 (Draa trout) ^[7]
• Salmo nigripinnis Günther, 1866 (Sonaghen trout)
• Salmo obtusirostris (Heckel, 1851)
  • S. o. krkensis (S. L. Karaman, 1927) (Krka softmouth trout)
  • S. o. obtusirostris Heckel, 1851 (softmouth trout)
  • S. o. oxyrhynchus (Steindachner, 1882) (Neretva softmouth trout)
  • S. o. salonitana (S. L. Karaman, 1927) (Jadro softmouth trout)
  • S. o. zetenzis (Hadžišče, 1961) (Zeta softmouth trout)
• Salmo ohridanus Steindachner, 1892 (Ohrid trout)
• Salmo okumusi Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2014 (Western Euphrates trout) ^[6]
• Salmo opimus Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012 ^[4]
• †Salmo pallaryi Pellegrin, 1924 (Sidi Ali trout)
• Salmo pelagonicus S. L. Karaman, 1938 (Pelagonian trout)
• Salmo pellegrini F. Werner, 1931 (Tensift trout) ^[7]
• Salmo peristericus S. L. Karaman, 1938 (Prespa trout)
• Salmo platycephalus Behnke, 1968 (flathead trout)
• Salmo rhodanensis Fowler, 1974 (Rhône trout)
• Salmo rizeensis Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010 (Rize River trout) ^[5]
• Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic salmon)
• Salmo schiefermuelleri Bloch, 1784 (Austrian Lakes trout)
• Salmo stomachicus Günther, 1866 (Gillaroo trout)
• Salmo taleri (S. L. Karaman, 1933) (Zeta trout)
• Salmo tigridis Turan, Kottelat & Bektaş, 2011 (Upper Tigris trout)
• Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758
  • S. t. aralensis L. S. Berg, 1908 (Aral trout)
  • S. t. fario Linnaeus, 1758 (brown trout)
  • S. t. lacustris Linnaeus, 1758 (lake trout)
  • S. t. oxianus Kessler, 1874 (Amu-Darya trout)
  • S. t. trutta Linnaeus, 1758 (sea trout)
• Salmo viridis Doadrio, Perea & Yahyaoui, 2015 (green trout) ^[7]

References

Sepkoski, J. (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
Turan D, Aksu İ, Oral M, Kaya C, Bayçelebi E (2021) Contribution to the trout of Euphrates River, with description of a new species, and range extension of Salmo munzuricus (Salmoniformes, Salmonidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 97(2): 471-482. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.72181
Turan, D.; Doğan, E.; Kaya, C. & Kanyılmaz, M. (2014). "Salmo kottelati, a new species of trout from Alakır Stream, draining to the Mediterranean in southern Anatolia, Turkey (Teleostei, Salmonidae)". ZooKeys (462): 135–151. Bibcode:2014ZooK..462..135T. doi:10.3897/zookeys.462.8177. PMC 4284436. PMID 25589858.
Turan, D.; Kottelat, M.; Engin, S. (2012). "The trouts of the Mediterranean drainages of southern Anatolia, Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae)". Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. 23 (3): 219–236.
Turan, D.; Kottelat, M.; Engin, S. (2010). "Two new species of trouts, resident and migratory, sympatric in streams of northern Anatolia (Salmoniformes: Salmonidae)". Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. 20 (4): 333–364.
Turan, D.; Kottelat, M.; Engin, S. (2014). "Two new species of trouts from the Euphrates drainage, Turkey (Teleostei: Salmonidae)". Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. 24 (3): 275–288.
Doadrio, I., Perea, S. & Yahyaoui, A. (2015): Two new species of atlantic trout (Actinopterygii, Salmonidae) from Morocco. Graellsia, 71 (2): e031.