Pomacanthus maculosus

Pomacanthus maculosus

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Perciformes
Subordo: Percoidei
Superfamilia: Percoidea

Familia: Pomacanthidae
Genus: Pomacanthus
Species: Pomacanthus maculosus
Name

Pomacanthus maculosus (Forsskål, 1775)
Vernacular names
English: Halfmoon Angelfish, Yellowbar Angelfish

Pomacanthus maculosus, the yellowbar angelfish, half-moon angelfish, yellow-marked angelfish, yellowband angelfish or yellow-blotched angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in the western Indian Ocean and, more recently, in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
Description
Juvenile

Pomacanthus maculosus has a deep and compressed body with a small mouth that is equipped with small bristle-like teeth. They have an obvious spine at the angle of the preoperculum. The adults have filaments extending back from the soft-rayed parts of the dorsal and anal fins, reaching past the caudal fin. The background colour of adults is brownish blue with each scale having a blue margin creating the impression that it is predominantly blue. There is an uneven, yellow bar close to the centre of the flanks with dark blue, vertically elongated spots towards the head. The caudal fin has wavy, blue lines on a pale yellow background. The juveniles are mainly black marked with many, arced, vertical blue lines and three broader white lines. Only the rear third of the caudal fin is yellow.[3] The dorsal fin has 12–13 spines and 21 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 19–20 soft rays. This species attains a maximum total length of 50 cm (20 in).[2]
Distribution

Pomacanthus maculosus is found in the Red Sea, Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman.[2] It has been recorded on distinct but rare occasions since 2008 in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.[4][5][6] It has also been recorded off Florida and Brazil, regarded as an instance of deliberate releases from an aquarium.[7]
Habitat and biology

Pomacanthus maculosus is found at depths of between 4 and 50 metres (13 and 164 ft).[1] It is a solitary species that lives in sheltered areas, often where there is a mixture of coral and silt.[3] Their diet is dominated by sponges and tunicates, although other invertebrates will be eaten opportunistically.[8] The females attain sexual maturity when the reach around 5.5 years of age and a total length of 21.6 cm (8.5 in). The maximum longevity is thought to be 36 years old. Divers have noted that this is a curious species and is not shy.[7] They are protogynous hermaphrodites and the older females can change sex to become males when there is a shortage of males. The larvae are planktonic.[8]
Systematics

Pomacanthus maculosus was first formally described in 1775 as Chaetodon maculosus in 1775 by the Finnish born Swede Peter Forsskål (1732–1763) the type locality is given as Al-Luhayya in Yemen.[9] Some authorities place this species in the subgenus Arusetta. The specific name maculosus means “spotted” and a reference to either the blue spots on the scales or the large yellow blotch.[10]
Utilisation
A half moon angelfish in a Qatari fish market. The fish is relatively widespread in the region and can uncommonly be seen as a food fish. It is locally called “anfouz” (عنفوز)

Pomacanthus maculosus is occasionally collected for the aquarium trade. In some parts of the Persian Gulf it has been recorded in fish markets.[1]
References

Pyle, R.; Rocha, L.A.; Craig, M.T. (2010). "Pomacanthus maculosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T165833A6144097. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T165833A6144097.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Pomacanthus maculosus" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
"Yellowbar Angelfish". Qatar Nature. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Pomacanthus maculosus). 2nd Edition. 2021. 366p. CIESM Publishers, Paris, Monaco.https://ciesm.org/atlas/fishes_2nd_edition/Pomacanthus_maculosus.pdf
Michel Bariche (2010). "First record of the angelfish Pomacanthus maculosus (Teleostei: Pomacanthidae) in the Mediterranean" (PDF). Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology. 16 (1): 31–33.
Pierre Salameh; Oren Sonin; Dor Edelist; Daniel Golani (2012). "The first substantiated record of the yellowbar angelfish, Pomacanthus maculosus (Actinopterygii:Perciformes:Pomacanthidae) in the Mediterranean" (PDF). Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria. 42 (1): 73–74. doi:10.3750/AIP2011.42.1.10.
"Pomacanthus maculosus (Forsskål, 1775)". Nonindigenous Aquatic Species. USGS. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
"Pomacanthus maculosus". Monaco Nature Encyclopaedia. 7 August 2008. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Pomacanthus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (21 July 2020). "Order ACANTHURIFORMES (part 1): Families LOBOTIDAE, POMACANTHIDAE, DREPANEIDAE and CHAETODONTIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 28 February 2021.