Pogonias

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Perciformes
Subordo: Percoidei
Superfamilia: Percoidea

Familia: Sciaenidae
Genus: Pogonias
Species: P. cromis
Name

Pogonias Lacepède, 1801
References

Pogonias – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Pogonias species list in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2024. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2024.

Vernacular names
English: Black drums
lietuvių: Tamsioji kuprotė

Pogonias is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Sciaenidae. It was formerly believed to be a monotypic genus only containing the black drum, but a second species was re-described in 2019.[1]
Taxonomy

Pogonias was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1803 by the French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lacépède when he described Pogonias fasciatus as a new species from Charleston, South Carolina. Pogonias fasciatus subsequently came to be regarded as a junior synonym of Linnaeus’ Labrus chromis.[2][3] The genus Pogonias has been placed in the subfamily Sciaeninae by some workers,[4] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sciaenidae which it places in the order Acanthuriformes.[5]
Etymology

Pogonias means "bearded" and is an allusion to the may barbels on the chin of the type species.[6]
Species

There are currently two described species:[1][7]

Pogonias courbina (Lacépède, 1803) (Southern black drum)[8]
Pogonias cromis (Linnaeus, 1766) (Black drum)

Characteristics

Pogonias drums are characterised by having rhomboidal, compressed bodies, with a low head and an almost horizontal mouth located beneath the snout. There are 5 pores on the chin with 3 pairs of small barbels and a further 8 to 22 barbels along the outer edge of the lower jaw. The preoperculum has no serrations. The dorsal fin has a deep incision dividing the spiny part at the front from the soft-rayed part. There are 11 thin spines and between 19 and 22 soft rays in the dorsal fin while the small anal fin has 2 spines and between 5 and 7 soft rays. The short pectoral fin does not extend as far as the anus,[9] These are large fishes with the maximum published total length of the black drum being 170 cm (67 in) and its maximum published weight being 51.3 kg (113 lb).[10]
Distribution and habitat

Pogonias drums are found in the western Atlantic and the two species are parapatric. The black drum is found as far north as the Bay of Fundy, although they are uncommon farther north than Chesapeake Bay and south to the Gulf of Mexico and the Bahamas, although absent from Cuba.[11] The Southern black drum is found in southeastern South America between Rio de Janeiro State and the southern San Matías Gulf in Patagonia. They are demersal coastal fishes which live on sandy or muudy bottoms and use estuaries as nursery areas.[8]
References

Azpelicueta, María de las Mercedes; Delpiani, Sergio Matías; Cione, Alberto Luis; Oliveira, Claudio; Marceniuk, Alexandre Pires; Astarloa, Juan Martín Díaz de (2019-06-19). "Morphology and molecular evidence support the validity of Pogonias courbina (Lacepède, 1803) (Teleostei: Sciaenidae), with a redescription and neotype designation". PLOS ONE. 14 (6): e0216280. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1416280A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216280. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6584015. PMID 31216281.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Sciaenidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Pogonias". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
Kunio Sasaki (1989). "Phylogeny of the family Sciaenidae, with notes on its Zoogeography (Teleostei, Peciformes)" (PDF). Memoirs of the Faculty of Fishes Hokkaido University. 36 (1–2): 1–137.
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 497–502. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (9 March 2023). "Series Eupercaria (Incertae sedis): Families Callanthidae, Centrogenyidae, Dinopercidae, Emmelichthyidae, Malacanthidae, Monodactylidae, Moronidae, Parascorpididae, Sciaenidae and Sillagidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
Tellechea, Javier S.; Norbis, Walter; Olsson, Daniela; Fine, Michael L. (2010-11-08). "Calls of the black drum (Pogonias cromis: Sciaenidae): geographical differences in sound production between northern and southern hemisphere populations". Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology. 315A (1): 48–55. doi:10.1002/jez.651. ISSN 1932-5223. PMID 21137094.
Haimovici, M.; Chao, L.; Vieira, J.P.; et al. (2020). "Pogonias courbina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T159145751A159145756. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T159145751A159145756.en. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
"Genus: Pogonias, Black Drum Croaker, Drum". Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean online information system. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2023). "Pogonias cromis" in FishBase. February 2023 version.
Chao, L.; Vieira, J.P.; Brick Peres, M. & Haimovici, M. (2020). "Pogonias cromis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162912433A82667283. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T162912433A82667283.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.