Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Otomorpha
Subcohors: Ostariophysi
Sectio: Otophysa
Ordo: Siluriformes
Familia: Plotosidae
Genera: Anodontiglanis - Cnidoglanis - Euristhmus - Neosiluroides - Neosilurus - Oloplotosus - Paraplotosus - Plotosus - Porochilus - Tandanus
References
Allen, G.R. & M.N. Feinberg, 1998: Descriptions of a New Genus and Four New Species of Freshwater Catfishes (Plotosidae) from Australia. Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology 3 (1): 9–18.
Vernacular names
Basa Bali: Semilang
Bahasa Indonesia: Sembilang
日本語: ゴンズイ科
The eeltail catfish are a family (Plotosidae) of catfish whose tails are elongated in an eel-like fashion. These catfishes are native to the Indian Ocean and western Pacific from Japan to Australia and Fiji.[1] The family includes about 41 species in 10 genera.[1][2] About half of the species are freshwater, occurring in Australia and New Guinea.[1]
These fish have eel-like bodies. Their tails are pointed or bluntly rounded. Most species have four pairs of barbels. The adipose fin is absent. The tail fin is formed by the joining of the second dorsal fin, the caudal fin, and the anal fin, forming a single, continuous fin.[1]
Some of these catfishes can inflict painful wounds; stings from Plotosus lineatus may cause death, however stings from other types of eeltail catfish causes stinging which usually resides up to two weeks from when the person was penetrated by its dorsal spines.[1] They are bottom feeders and use the barbels around their mouths to detect food.[3]
Unlike most marine teleosts, eeltails have an extra-branchial salt-secreting dendritic organ for osmoregulation. The dendritic organ is likely a product of convergent evolution with other vertebrate salt-secreting organs. The role of this organ was discovered by its high NKA and NKCC activity in response to increasing salinity. However, the Plotosidae dendritic organ may be of limited use under extreme salinity conditions, compared to more typical gill-based ionoregulation.[4]
References
Nelson, Joseph S. (2006). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-25031-7.
Ferraris, Carl J. Jr. (2007). "Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1418: 1–628. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1418.1.1. Retrieved 2009-06-23.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Plotosidae". FishBase. Aug 2007 version.
Malakpour Kolbadinezhad, Salman; Coimbra, João; Wilson, Jonathan M. (2018-07-03). "Osmoregulation in the Plotosidae Catfish: Role of the Salt Secreting Dendritic Organ". Frontiers in Physiology. 9: 761. doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00761. ISSN 1664-042X. PMC 6037869. PMID 30018560.
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