Pachymetopon

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Spariformes

Familia: Sparidae
Genus: Pachymetopon
Species: P. aeneum – P. blochii – P. grande
Name

Pachymetopon Günther, 1859
References

Pachymetopon – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Pachymetopon species list in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2024. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2024.

Vernacular names

Pachymetopon is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. The species in this genus are endemic to Southern Africa.
Taxonomy

Pachymetopon was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1859 by the German-born British herpetologist and ichthyologist Albert Günther when he described The bronze seabream (P. grande),[1] giving its type locality as the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa.[2] This taxon is placed in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World.[3] Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Boopsinae,[4] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae.[3]
Etymology

Pachymetopon combines pachy, meaning "thick", with metopon, which means "brow" or "forehead", a reference to the protuberance between the eyes of the type species, P. grande.[5]
Species

Pachymetopon contains the following species:[6]

Pachymetopon aeneum (Gilchrist & W. W. Thompson, 1908) (Blue hottentot)
Pachymetopon blochii (Valenciennes, 1830) (Hottentot seabream)
Pachymetopon grande Günther, 1859 (Bronze Seabream)

Characteristics

Pachymetopon seabreams are characterised by having plump bodies with small mouths whichhave pouting lips and are oblique when shut. There are 4 or 5 roews of incisor-like teetth in both jaws and no molar-like teeth. There are no scales between the eyes. The base of the fin membrane between the soft rays on the dorsal and anal fins have dense scaling but none of the fins have a scaly sheath at their base.[7] The largest species is the bronze seabream (P. grande) which has a maximum published total length of 65 cm (26 in), while the smallest is the Hottentot seabream (P blochii) with a maximum published total length of 46 cm (18 in).[6]
Distribution and habitat

Pachymetopon seabreams are endemic to the waters off the coasts of South Africa in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean and the southwestern Indian Ocean. The most widespread species is the Hottentot seabream which ranges from Angola to Port Alfred in the Eastern Cape. The other two species are found in the southwestern Indian Ocean from Mozambique to Cape Point with the bronze seabream apparently being recorded off southern Madagascar. These fishes are found in rocky regions in shallow water less than 55 m (180 ft) in depth.[7]
References

Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Family+Sparidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Pachymetopon". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
Parenti, P. (2019). "An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae". FishTaxa. 4 (2): 47–98.
Christopher Scharpf (12 January 2024). "Order ACANTHURIFORMES (part 6): Families GERREIDAE, LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2023). Species of Pachymetopon in FishBase. October 2023 version.
Yukio Iwatsuki and Phillip C Heemstra (2022). "Family Sparidae". In Phillip C Heemstra; Elaine Heemstra; David A Ebert; Wouter Holleman; and John E Randall (eds.). Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean (PDF). Vol. 3. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. pp. 284–315. ISBN 978-1-990951-32-9.