Ogcocephalidae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Lophiiformes
Subordo: Ogcocephalioidei
Superfamilia: Ogcocephalioidea

Familia: Ogcocephalidae
Genera (10): Coelophrys - Dibranchus - Halicmetus - Halieutaea - Halieutichthys - Halieutopsis - Malthopsis - Ogcocephalus - Solocisquama - Zalieutes

Name

Ogcocephalidae Jordan, 1895

References

Bradbury, Margaret G. (2003) Family Ogcocephalidae Jordan 1895: batfishes. Annotated Checklists of Fishes, no. 17. 1-17. PDF
Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World, fourth edition. John Wiley, Hoboken, 624 pp. ISBN 0-471-25031-7. ISBN 978-0-471-25031-9. Reference page.

Links

Ogcocephalidae – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).

Vernacular names
Deutsch: Seefledermäuse
lietuvių: Šikšnosparninės
polski: ogackowate

Ogcocephalidae is a family of anglerfish specifically adapted for a benthic lifestyle of crawling about on the seafloor. Ogcocephalid anglerfish are sometimes referred to as batfishes,[1][2] deep-sea batfishes,[3] handfishes, and seabats.[4] They are found in tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide.[2] They are mostly found at depths between 200 and 3,000 m (660 and 9,840 ft), but have been recorded as deep as 4,000 m (13,000 ft).[2][5] A few species live in much shallower coastal waters and, exceptionally, may enter river estuaries.[2]
Taxonomy

Ogcocephalidae was first proposed as a separate family, the Chaunacidae, by the American biologist David Starr Jordan in 1895.[6] Charles Tate Regan placed this family within the division Antennariformes within his suborder Lophiodea when he classified the order Pediculati, his grouping of the toadfishes and anglerfishes.[7] In 1981 Theodore Wells Pietsch III realized that the monophyly of Regan's 1912 groupings within his Lophoidea had not been confirmed. Pietsch proposed a sister relationship between the sea toads and the Ogcocephalidae, however, was unable to identify any grouping that was a sister group to both the Chaunacidae and Ogcocephalidae nor did he find any osteological characters to support or otherwise their classification within the Antennariiformes. He, tentatively, retained both groups within the Antennarioidei even although he was unable to establish the monophyly of the four families Regan classified in the Antennariiformes in 1912. In 1984 Pietsch classified the Ogcocephalidae in the monotypic suborder Ogcocephaloidei within the Lophiiformes.[8] This is the classification followed by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World.[9]

The most basal genus in the Ogcocephalidae is Halieutaea and this is the sister group to the rest of the family. The remaining genera divide into two clades, an eastern Pacific/western Atlantic clade; including Ogccephalus, Zalieutes and Halieutichthys and a Indo-Pacific clade, containing the remaining genera.[1]
Genera

Ogcocephalidae contains the following genera:[10]

Coelophrys Brauer, 1902
Dibranchus Peters 1876
Halicmetus Alcock, 1891
Halieutaea Valenciennes, 1837
Halieutichthys Poey, 1863
Halieutopsis Garman, 1899
Malthopsis Alcock, 1891
Ogcocephalus Fischer, 1813
Solocisquama Bradbury, 1999
Zalieutes D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1896

Characteristics

Ogcocephaloidei batfishes are dorsoventrally compressed fishes similar in appearance to rays, with a large circular or triangular head (box-shaped in Coelophrys), and a small tail. The flattened head and body of these fishes is often referred to as the "disc" and is made up of the head and the body as far as the axilla of the pelvic fins, the forward edge of the disc is made up of the extended bones of the operculum sweeping backwards from the cranium and surrounding the trunk on either side.[11] The largest members of the family are approximately 50 cm (20 in) in standard length. The illicium (a modified dorsal fin ray on the front of the head supporting the esca, a bulbous lure) may be retracted into an illicial cavity above the mouth.[12] The pelvic and anal fins of many species are stout and thick-skinned, so as to support the body off the substrate. These fins also enable batfishes to walk on the seafloor, though the irregular shape of the fins causes most batfishes to swim awkwardly.[9] Many species have large scales forming tubercules or bucklers which form an armour for the fish.[13] These tubercles can be tiny and have long terminal spines, these create the impression that these fishes have a covering of coarse hair. They may also be large and highly calcified, and set closely together to create the appearance of a carapace. They are elaborately shaped, some have bosses, others crests and others have a simple pyramidal shape with no strong relief but these are highly enlarged and have robust terminal spines. The scales along the lateral line are typical scales, sometimes boat shaped, with perforations for the emergent neuromasts.[2]
Distribution and habitat

Ogcocephaloidei batfishes are found in the Indian, Pacific and Western Atlantic Oceans, with 1 species present in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea.[1][14] These benthic fishes are found in tropical to subtropical waters.[15] They are fishes of the outer continental shelf and the continental slope, typically found at depths between 1,500 and 3,000 m (4,900 and 9,800 ft), although one species has been found at 4,000 m (13,000 ft) and others have been found inshore and even within the upstream reaches of rivers.[9] The species in the eastern Pacific/western Atlantic clades have the widest depth ranges with the "Old World" species being restricted to deeper waters.[2]
Biology

Ogcocephalidae fishes do have a luminous esca, as in some other groups of anglerfishes, but secretes a fluid, lasting approximately two minutes, thought to act as a chemical lure which attracts prey such as crabs, snails, shrimp, and small fish.[12] Analysis of their stomach contents indicates that batfishes feed on fish, crustaceans, and polychaete worms.[5] These fishes are assumed not to guard their eggs and, to date, all known larvae and post larvae are pelagic.[2]
Utilisation

Ogcocephalidae fishes are too small to be of interest to fisheries but some species have been kept in aquariums.[16]
Gallery

Painting of Halieutaea stellata by Ishizaki Yūshi, 1825
Painting of Halieutaea stellata by Ishizaki Yūshi, 1825
The longnose seabat (Malthopsis lutea)
The longnose seabat (Malthopsis lutea)

References

Valerie Derouen; William B. Ludt; Hsuan-Ching Ho; Prosanta Chakrabarty (2015). "Examining evolutionary relationships and shifts in depth preferences in batfishes (Lophiiformes: Ogcocephalidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 84: 27–33. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.12.011.
Family Ogcocephalidae - Batfishes. FishBase. 2016.
Bray, D. J. 2012. Ogcocephalidae: Deep-sea Batfishes. Fishes of Australia, accessed 07 May 2016.
Ogcocephalidae. Australian Museum.
Bertelsen, F. & Pietsch, T.W. (1998). Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 139–140. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 1–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
Regan, C.T. (1912). "The classification of the teleostean fishes of the order Pediculati". Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series. 8 & 9: 277–289.
Arnold, Rachel J. (2014). Evolutionary Relationships of the Enigmatic Anglerfishes (Teleostei: Lophiiformes): Can Nuclear DNA Provide Resolution for Conflicting Morphological and Mitochondrial Phylogenies? (PhD thesis). University of Washington.
Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 508–518. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Ogcocephalidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
Margaret G. Bradbury (1980). "A revision of the fish genus Ogcocephalus with descriptions of new species from the western Atlantic Ocean (Ogcocephalidae; Lophiiformes)". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 4. 42 (7): 229–285.
Theodore W. Pietsch (2005). "Ogcocephalidae". Tree of Life web project. Retrieved 4 April 2006.
Bray, D.J. (2022). "Deep-sea Batfishes, OGCOCEPHALIDAE". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
Margaret G. Bradbury (1967). "The Genera of Batfishes (Family Ogcocephalidae)". Copeia. 1967 (2): 399–422. doi:10.2307/1442130.
"Family: OGCOCEPHALIDAE, Batfish, Batfishes". Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean online information system. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 10 May 2024.

Theodore W Pietsch (2022). "Order Lophiiformes". In Phillip C Heemstra; Elaine Heemstra; David A Ebert; Wouter Holleman; John E Randall (eds.). Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean (PDF). Vol. 2. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. pp. 281–307. ISBN 978-1-990951-29-9.