Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Acanthuriformes
Subordo: Acanthuroidei
Familia: Acanthuridae
Genus: Naso
Species (20): N. annulatus – N. brachycentron – N. brevirostris – N. caeruleacauda – N. caesius – N. elegans – N. fageni – N. hexacanthus – N. lituratus – N. lopezi – N. maculatus – N. mcdadei – N. minor – N. reticulatus – N. tergus –N. thynnoides – N. tonganus – N. tuberosus – N. unicornis - N. vlamingii
Name
Naso Lacepède, 1801: 104
Type species: Naso fronticornis ♂ Lacepède 1801 (=Naso unicornis). Type by subsequent designation.
References
Primary references
Lacepède, B.G.E. 1801. Histoire naturelle des poissons 3: i–lxvi + 1–558, Pls. 1–34.
Ho, H.-C., Shen, K.-N. & Chang, C.-W. 2011. A new species of the unicornfish genus Naso (Teleostei: Acanthuridae) from Taiwan, with comments on its phylogenetic relationship. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 59(2): 205–211. PDF.
Links
Naso species list in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2024. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2024.
Naso is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family, Acanthuridae, the unicornfishes, surgeonfishes and tangs. The fishes in this genus are known commonly as unicornfishes because of the "rostral protuberance", a hornlike extension of the forehead present in some species.[3] Unicorn fish are popular with spearfishermen[4] and may be cooked by grilling them whole.[5] Unicornfish primarily live around coral reefs and eat mostly algae.[6] It is very popular in Maldives.
This genus is distributed across the Indo-Pacific from Africa to Hawaii.[7]
Taxonomy
Naso was first proposed as a genus in 1801 by Bernard Germain de Lacépède when he described Naso fronticornis as a new species from Jeddah and Mauritius.[2] Lacépède's name was an unnecessary replacement of Chaetodon unicornis described by Peter Forsskål in 1775 from Jeddah.[8] In 1917 David Starr Jordan designated Naso fronticornis as the type species of the genus Naso.[2] Naso is the only genus in the monogeneric subfamily Nasinae, proposed by Henry Weed Fowler and Barton Appler Bean in 1929[9] within the family Acanthuridae.[10]
Species
Naso is divided into 2 subgenera[11] and 20 species are classified within it:[12]
Subgenus Naso Lacepède, 1801
Naso annulatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) (Whitemargin unicornfish)
Naso brachycentron (Valenciennes, 1835) (Humpback unicornfish)
Naso brevirostris (G. Cuvier, 1829) (Spotted unicornfish)
Naso caesius J. E. Randall & Bell, 1992 (Gray unicornfish)
Naso elegans (Rüppell, 1829) (Elegant unicornfish)
Naso fageni Morrow, 1954 (Horseface unicornfish)
Naso hexacanthus (Bleeker, 1855) (Sleek unicornfish)
Naso lituratus (J. R. Forster, 1801) (Orangespine unicornfish)
Naso lopezi Herre, 1927 (Elongated unicornfish)
Naso maculatus J. E. Randall & Struhsaker, 1981 (Spotted unicornfish)
Naso mcdadei J. W. Johnson, 2002 (Squarenose unicornfish)
Naso reticulatus J. E. Randall, 2001 (Reticulated unicornfish)
Naso tergus H. C. Ho, K. N. Shen & C. W. Chang, 2011
Naso tonganus (Valenciennes, 1835) (Bulbnose unicornfish)
Naso tuberosus Lacépède, 1801 (Humpnose unicornfish)
Naso unicornis (Forsskål, 1775) (Bluespine unicornfish)
Naso vlamingii (Valenciennes, 1835) (Bignose unicornfish)
Subgenus Axinurus Cuvier 1829
Naso caeruleacauda J. E. Randall, 1994 (Blue unicorn)
Naso minor (J. L. B. Smith, 1966) (Slender unicorn)
Naso thynnoides (G. Cuvier, 1829) (Oneknife unicornfish)
Etymology
Naso means "nose" referring to the fleshy protuberance on the forehead of N. fronticornis.[11]
Characteristics
Naso unicornfishes have a pointed snout and a rhomboidal or oval shaped body, with some species possessing a long protuberance on the forehead, typically present in both males and females. The caudal peduncle is slender and there are 1 or 2 anteriorly directed sharp, blade-shaped spines mounted on bony plates on each side. The caudal fin varies from slightly rounded to highly emarginate. In some species there are long filaments at the tips of the lobes of the caudal fin, sometimes restricted to males. The dorsal fins of these fishes are supported by between 4 and 7 spines and between 24 and 31 soft rays while the anal fin contains 2 spines and 23 to 30 soft rays. There is a single spine and 3 soft rays in the pelvic fins and between 16 and 19 soft rays in the pectoral fins.[13] The species in the genus Naso vary in size from a maximum published standard length of 30 cm (12 in) in the slender unicorn (N. minor) to a maximum published total length of 100 cm (39 in) in the whitemargin unicornfish (N. annulatus).[12] There are two subgenera which are distinguished by the number of keels on the caudal peduncle with the nominate subgenus, Naso having a pair on each side of the peduncle while the subgenus Axinurus has a single keel on each side.[14]
Distribution
Naso unicornfishes are found in the Indo-Pacific region from the eastern coast of Africa to the Galápagos Islands.[13]
Biology
Naso unicornfishes differ from other Acanthurids in that they eat zooplankton rather than grazing on algae or detritus and that they tend to live at greater ranges of depth.[13]
References
Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Acanthuridae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Dayton, C. (2001). "Genetic evolution among selected members of the genus Naso (Nasinae), "unicornfishes" from Guam". Marine Biology. 139 (4): 771–76.
Fishing at the tip of the spear in Guam
"Unicorn Fish the weird but delicious fish". The Arena Media Brands, LLC. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
"Acanthuridae (Surgeonfishes/Tangs)". Reef App encyclopaedia for marine animals. Kasper Hareskov Tygesen. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Borden, W. C. (1998). "Phylogeny of the unicornfishes (Naso, Acanthuridae) based on soft anatomy". Copeia. 1998 (1): 104–113. doi:10.2307/1447705.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Naso". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 1–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 497–502. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (12 January 2021). "Order ACANTHURIFORMES (part 2): Families EPHIPPIDAE, LEIOGNATHIDAE, SCATOPHAGIDAE, ANTIGONIIDAE, SIGANIDAE, CAPROIDAE, LUVARIDAE, ZANCLIDAE and ACANTHURIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2023). Species of Naso in FishBase. February 2023 version.
John E. Randall (2022). "Family Acanthuridae". In Phillip C Heemstra; Elaine Heemstra; David A Ebert; Wouter Holleman; John E Randall (eds.). Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean (PDF). Vol. 5. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. pp. 219–244. ISBN 978-1-990951-32-9.
John E. Randall (1994). "Unicornfishes of the Subgenus Axinurus (Perciformes: Acanthuridae: Naso), with Description of a New Species". Copeia. 1994 (1): 116–124. doi:10.2307/1446677.
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