Larimus

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Perciformes
Subordo: Percoidei
Superfamilia: Percoidea

Familia: Sciaenidae
Genus: Larimus
Species: L. acclivis – †L. angosturae – L. argenteus – L. breviceps – L. effulgens – L. fasciatus – L. gulosus – †L. humboldti – L. pacificus – †L. pandus
Name

Larimus Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830
References

Santos, S., Gomes, M. d. F., Soares Ferreira, A. R., Sampaio, I. & Schneider, H.; 2012: Molecular phylogeny of the western South Atlantic Sciaenidae based on mitochondrial and nuclear data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Available online 4 October 2012, In Press, Accepted Manuscript, abstract
Larimus – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Larimus species list in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2024. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2024.

Larimus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the croakers and drums. These fishes are found in the Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Oceans.
Taxonomy

Larimus was first proposed as monospecific genus in 1830 by the French zoologist Georges Cuvier when he described Larimus breviceps[1] from Brazil and the Dominican Republic.[2] This genus, along with Nebris, has been placed in the subfamily Lariminae by some workers,[3] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sciaenidae which it places in the order Acanthuriformes.[4]
Etymology

Larimus is a name that Oppian used for some kinds of fish without any precision and which Cuvier applied to L. breviceps.[5]
Species

Larimus has six extant valid species classified within it:[6]

Larimus acclivis Jordan & Bristol, 1898 (Steeplined drum)
Larimus argenteus (Gill, 1863) (Silver drum)
Larimus breviceps Cuvier, 1830 (Shorthead drum)
Larimus effulgens Gilbert, 1898 (Shining drum)
Larimus fasciatus Holbrook, 1855 (Banded drum)
Larimus pacificus Jordan & Bollman, 1890 (Pacific drum)

A seventh species, Larimus gulosus is considered to be a valid species by some authorities,[2] but as a synonym of L. pacificus by others.[7]

There are also at least three extinct species classified within the genus:[8]

†Larimus angosturae Aguilera, Shwarzhans & Béarez, 2016
†Larimus humboldti Aguilera, Shwarzhans & Béarez, 2016
†Larimus pandus Aguilera, Shwarzhans & Béarez, 2016

Characteristics

Larimus drums have short, oblong, compressed bodies with a hump on the back. The large mouth is highly oblique and the lower jaw protrudes. There is no barbel on the chin but there are between 2 and 4 pores. They have 2 rows of small, sharp teeth. The margin of the preoperculum may be smooth or have small serrations and does not have robust spines. There is a deep incision at the angle of the operculum. The dorsal fin is deeply incised and the caudal fin is pointed. The anal fin has 2 spines, the second spine being two thirds of the length of the first, and 6 or 7 spines. They have ctenoid scales on. The body and cycloid scales on the head and fins.[9] The largest species is the silver drum (L. argenteus) with a maximum published total length of 36.1 cm (14.2 in).[6]
Distribution

Larimus drums are found off the Americas with two species, the shorthead drum (L. breviceps) and the banded drum (L. fasciatus) in the Western Atlantic, and the remaining species in the eastern Pacific.[6]
References

Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Sciaenidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Larimus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
Kunio Sasaki (1989). "Phylogeny of the family Sciaenidae, with notes on its Zoogeography (Teleostei, Peciformes)" (PDF). Memoirs of the Faculty of Fishes Hokkaido University. 36 (1–2): 1–137.
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 497–502. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (9 March 2023). "Series Eupercaria (Incertae sedis): Families Callanthidae, Centrogenyidae, Dinopercidae, Emmelichthyidae, Malacanthidae, Monodactylidae, Moronidae, Parascorpididae, Sciaenidae and Sillagidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2023). Species of Larimus in FishBase. February 2023 version.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2006). "Larimus pacificus" in FishBase. February 2006 version.
Orangel Antonio Aguilera; Werner Schwarzhans; and Philippe Béarez (2016). "Otoliths of the Sciaenidae from the Neogene of tropical America". Palaeo Ichthyologica. 14: 7–90.
"Genus: Larimus, Drums". Shorefishes of the Eastern Pacific online information system. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 21 May 2023.

Vernacular names