Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Otomorpha
Subcohors: Ostariophysi
Sectio: Otophysa
Ordo: Cypriniformes
Subordo: Cyprinoidei
Familia: Cyprinidae
Subfamilia: Labeoninae
Tribus: Banganini – Garrini – Labeonini
Genera: Ageneiogarra – Altigena – Bangana – Barbichthys – Ceratogarra – Cirrhinus – Cophecheilus – Crossocheilus – Decorus – Diplocheilichthys – Discocheilus – Discogobio – Discolabeo – Epalzeorhynchos – Fivepearlus – Garra – Garroides – Gonorhynchus – Guigarra – Gymnostomus – Hemigrammocapoeta – Henicorhynchus – Hongshuia – Horalabiosa – Incisilabeo – Labeo – Labiobarbus – Lanlabeo – Linichthys – Lobocheilos – Longanalus – Mekongina – Osteochilus – Paracrossochilus – Parapsilorhynchus – Paraqianlabeo – Parasinilabeo – Placocheilus – Prolixicheilus – Protolabeo – Pseudocrossocheilus – Pseudogyrinocheilus – Ptychidio – Qianlabeo – Rectoris – Schismatorhynchos – Semilabeo – Sinigarra – Sinilabeo – Sinocrossocheilus – Speolabeo – Stenorynchoacrum – Tariqilabeo – Thynnichthys – Typhlogarra – Vinagarra – Zuojiangia
Name
Labeoninae Bleeker, 1859
Type genus: Labeo Cuvier, 1816
Synonyms
Garrinae
Labeonini
References
Bleeker, P. 1859. Enumeratio specierum piscium hucusque in Archipelago indico observatarum, adjectis habitationibus citationibusque, ubi descriptiones earum recentiores reperiuntur, nec non speciebus Musei Bleekeriani Bengalensibus, Japonicis, Capensibus Tasmanicisque. Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae 6: i–xxxvi + 1–276. Reference page.
Ciccotto, P.J. & Tan, H.H. 2018. A new species of Lobocheilos (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from East Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo. Zootaxa 4399(4): 543–552. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4399.4.4 Reference page.
Huang, Y., Yang, J.-X. & Chen, X.-Y. 2014. Stenorynchoacrum xijiangensis, a new genus and a new species of Labeoninae fish from Guangxi, China (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa 3793(3): 379–386. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3793.3.6 Reference page.
Jadhav, S.S., Karuthapandi, M., Chandra, K., Jaiswal, D., Dinesh, K.P. & Narahari, A. 2020. Parapsilorhynchus alluriensis sp. nov., a new cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Eastern Ghat, India. Zootaxa 4751(3): 563–574. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.3.8 Paywall Reference page.
Zheng, L-P. & Geng, Y-M. 2024. Complete mitochondrial genome of Guigarra cailaoensis Wang, Chen & Zheng, 2022 (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) and its phylogenetic implications. ZooKeys 1190: 75–89. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1190.113808 Open access Reference page.
Links
Labeoninae species list in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2024. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2024.
Labeoninae – Taxon details on National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
Genera of Labeoninae (including synonyms) in Catalog of Fishes, Eschmeyer, W.N., Fricke, R. & van der Laan, R. (eds.) 2024. Catalog of Fishes electronic version.
Vernacular names
français: Labéoninés, labéoninés
ไทย: วงศ์ย่อยปลาเลียหิน
中文: 野鲮亚科
Labeoninae is a doubtfully distinct subfamily of ray-finned fishes in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes. They inhabit fresh water and the largest species richness is in the region around southern China, but there are also species elsewhere in Asia, and some members of Garra and Labeo are from Africa. They are a generally very apomorphic group, perhaps the most "advanced" of the Cyprinidae. A common name for these fishes is labeonins (when considered a distinct subfamily) or labeoins (when included in subfamily Cyprininae).
They include the group sometimes separated as Garrinae, but these do not seem to be that distinct. In fact, the entire Labeoninae is merged into the Cyprininae by a number of authors; in any case, these two and the former "Barbinae" form a close-knit group whose internal phylogeny is far from resolved. If the subfamily is considered distinct, it is typically split in the tribes Labeonini (which are able to swim well in open water) and Garrini (which are mostly benthic), and sometimes in addition the Banganini (which are somewhat intermediate in habitus) If the labeo lineage is included in the Cyprininae, it becomes the tribe Labeonini, while its two (or three) subdivisions are the subtribes Labeoina, Garraina and perhaps Banganina.[1]
Notable genera are Crossocheilus, Epalzeorhynchos and Garra, which contain some of the popular aquarium fishes often called "algae eaters", e.g. the Siamese algae-eater (Crossocheilus siamensis). Labeo – the type genus of this subfamily – contains many sizeable species which are often used as food.
Anatomically, the labeonins are distinguished by the Weberian apparatus contacting the skull with the supraneural bones, and its basioccipital process being concave in cross-section. The first vertebra has a parapophysis that is elongated to forward and partially overlaps the basioccipital process. The fourth vertebra, meanwhile, has a short but stout transverse process that is prominently elongated bellywards; the os suspensorium is often hidden behind if viewed from the side. In the skull, the frontal and sphenotic bones have prominent foramina. In the anal fin, the first pterygiophore is elongated and has well-developed anterior and posterior flanges, with the former very large and concave at the distal end. Most labeonins have the skinny flap of the underside of the snout well-developed into a fleshy cap that at least partially hides the upper lip except when feeding, and a similar structure at the lower lip.[2]
Genera
Tribe Labeonini
Barbichthys Bleeker, 1860
Cirrhinus Oken (ex. Cuvier), 1817 (tentatively placed here)
Henicorhynchus Smith, 1945
Labeo – typical labeos
Labiobarbus van Hasselt, 1823 (including Dangila?)
Osteochilus Günther, 1868
Prolixicheilus Zheng, Chen & Yang, 2016 [3]
Pseudogyrinocheilus Fang, 1933 [3]
Schismatorhynchos Bleeker, 1855 (including Nukta)
Sinilabeo Rendahl, 1932
Tribe Banganini (might belong in Labeonini)
Bangana Hamilton, 1822 (tentatively placed here)
Lobocheilos (tentatively placed here)
Qianlabeo Zhang & Chen, 2004
Speolabeo Kottelat, 2017
Vinalabeo Nguyen, Nguyen & Nguyen, 2016 [4]
Tribe Garrini
Crossocheilus van Hasselt, 1823
Discocheilus Zhang, 1997
Discogobio Lin, 1931 (tentatively placed here)
Discolabeo Fowler, 1937
Epalzeorhynchos
Garra including Iranocypris and Typhlogarra – garras
Guigarra Wang, Chen & Zheng, 2022
Hongshuia Zhang, Xin & Lan, 2008
Horalabiosa Silas, 1954
Longanalus Li, 2006 (tentatively placed here)
Mekongina Fowler, 1937
Parasinilabeo Wu, 1939[verification needed]
Paracrossochilus Popta, 1904
Placocheilus Wu, 1977
Pseudocrossocheilus Zhang & Chen, 1997
Ptychidio Myers, 1930
Rectoris Lin, 1933 (tentatively placed here)
Semilabeo Peters, 1880 (tentatively placed here)
Sinocrossocheilus Wu, 1977
Tariqilabeo Wu, 1977
Vinagarra Nguyen & Bui, 2010
The supposed genus "Tylognathus", commonly placed in the Labeonini (or Labeoina), is actually a polyphyletic assemblage containing diverse labeonins and some other cyprinids. Its type species, variously called "Tylognathus diplostoma" or "Tylognathus valenciennesii", is actually Bangana diplostoma; most of its other species are now in Lobocheilos.
Footnotes
de Graaf et al. (2007), Stiassny & Getahun (2007), He et al. (2008)
Stiassny & Getahun (2007)
Zheng, L.-P., Chen, X.-Y. & Yang, J.-X. (2016): Molecular systematics of the Labeonini inhabiting the karst regions in southwest China (Teleostei, Cypriniformes). ZooKeys, 612: 133–148.
Nguyen, V.H., Nguyen, H.D. & Nguyen, T.D.P. (2016): Vinalabeo, a new generic name for Vinalabeo tonkinensis (Cyprinidae, Teleostei). Journal of Science of Hnue, Natural Sciences, 61 (9): 140-144.
References
de Graaf, Martin; Megens, Hendrik-Jan; Samallo, Johannis & Sibbing, Ferdinand A. (2007): Evolutionary origin of Lake Tana's (Ethiopia) small Barbus species: indications of rapid ecological divergence and speciation. Anim. Biol. 57(1): 39-48. doi:10.1163/157075607780002069 (HTML abstract)
He, Shunping; Mayden, Richard L.;Wang, Xuzheng; Wang, Wei; Tang, Kevin L.; Chen, Wei-Jen & Chen, Yiyu (2008): Molecular phylogenetics of the family Cyprinidae (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes) as evidenced by sequence variation in the first intron of S7 ribosomal protein-coding gene: Further evidence from a nuclear gene of the systematic chaos in the family. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 46(3): 818–829. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.06.001 PDF fulltext[permanent dead link]
Stiassny, Melanie L.J. & Getahun, Abebe (2007): An overview of labeonin relationships and the phylogenetic placement of the Afro-Asian genus Garra Hamilton, 1922 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of five new species of Garra from Ethiopia, and a key to all African species. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 150(1): 41-83. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00281.x PDF fulltext
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