Garra

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Otomorpha
Subcohors: Ostariophysi
Sectio: Otophysa
Ordo: Cypriniformes
Subordo: Cyprinoidei

Familia: Cyprinidae
Subfamilia: Labeoninae
Tribus: Garrini
Genus: Garra
Species:
a–c

G. aethiopica – G. allostoma – G. amirhosseini – G. annandalei – G. apogon – G. arunachalensis – G. arupi – G. barreimiae – G. bibarbatus – G. bicornuta – G. bimaculacauda – G. birostris – G. bisangularis – G. bispinosa – G. blanfordii – G. borneensis – G. bourreti – G. buettikeri – G. cambodgiensis – G. caudofasciatus – G. ceylonensis – G. chebera – G. clavirostris – G. compressus – G. congoensis – G. cornigera – G. cryptonemus – G. cyclostomata – G. cyrano –
d–i

G. dampaensis – G. dembecha – G. dembeensis – G. dengba – G. dulongensis – G. dunsirei – G. duobarbis – G. elongata – G. ethelwynnae – G. fasciacauda – G. findolabium – G. fisheri – G. flavatra – G. fluviatilis – G. fuliginosa – G. geba – G. ghorensis – G. gotyla – G. gracilis – G. gravelyi – G. hainanensis – G. hindii – G. hughi – G. ignestii – G. imbarbatus – G. imberba – G. imberbis – G. incisorbis –
k–n

G. kalakadensis – G. kalpangi – G. kempi – G. laichowensis – G. lamta – G. lancrenonensis – G. lautior – G. lissorhynchus – G. litanensis – G. longchuanensis – G. longipinnis – G. lorestanensis – G. magnacavus – G. magnidiscus – G. makiensis – G. mamshuqa – G. manipurensis – G. mcclellandi – G. menoni – G. micropulvinus – G. mirofrontis – G. mondica – G. motuoensis – G. mullya – G. naganensis – G. nambulica – G. namyaensis – G. nasuta – G. nethravathiensis – G. nigricollis – G. notate – G. nujiangensis –
o–s

G. orientalis – G. ornata – G. paralissorhynchus – G. parastenorhynchus – G. paratrilobata – G. periyarensis – G. persica – G. phillipsi – G. poecilura – G. poilanei – G. propulvinus – G. qiaojiensis – G. quadrimaculata – G. quadratirostris – G. rakhinica – G. regressus – G. robertsi – G. robustus – G. rosae – G. rossica – G. rotundinasus – G. rufa – G. rupecula – G. sahilia – G. salweenica – G. shamal – G. sharq – G. simbalbaraensis – G. sindhi – G. smarti – G. spilota – G. substrictorostris – G. surendranathanii – G. surgifrons –
t–z

G. tamangi – G. tana – G. tengchongensis – G. theunensis – G. trewavasai – G. trilobata – G. turcica – G. typhlops – G. variabilis – G. vittatula – G. waensis – G. wanae – G. waterloti – G. yajiangensis – G. yiliangensis
Name

Garra Hamilton, 1822: 343, 393

Gender: feminine

Type species: Cyprinus (Garra) lamta Hamilton, 1822

Type by subsequent designation of Bleeker, 1863: 192
Synonyms

Ageneiogarra Garman, 1912
Brachygramma Day, 1865
Discognathichthys Bleeker, 1860
Discognathus Heckel, 1843
Lissorhynchus Bleeker, 1860
Mayoa Day, 1870
Platycara McClelland, 1838

References

Hamilton, F. 1822. An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches. Edinburgh & London. Pp. i–vii + 1–405, Pls. 1–39. BHL
Bayçelebi, E., Kaya, C., Turan, D., Ergüden, S.A. & Freyhof, J. 2018. Redescription of Garra turcica from southern Anatolia (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa 4524(2): 227–236. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4524.2.6 Paywall Reference page.
Bleeker, P. 1863. Systema Cyprinoideorum revisum. Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 1: 187–218. BHL
Chen, Z.-M., Zhao, S. & Yang, J.-X. 2009. A New Species of the Genus Garra from Nujiang River Basin, Yunnan, China (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zoological Research 30(4): 438–444. ResearchGate DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1141.2009.04438 Reference page.
Gong, Z., Freyhof, J., Wang, J., Liu, M., Liu, F., Lin, P-C., Jiang, Y-L. & Liu, H-Z. 2018. Two new species of Garra (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the lower Yarlung Tsangpo River drainage in southeastern Tibet, China. Zootaxa 4532(3): 367–384. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4532.3.3 Paywall Reference page.
Kirchner, S., Kruckenhauser, L., Pichler, A., Borkenhagen, K. & Freyhof, J. 2020. Revision of the Garra species of the Hajar Mountains in Oman and the United Arab Emirates with the description of two new species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa 4751(3): 521–545. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.3.6 Paywall Reference page.
Li, F.-L., Zhou, W. & Fu, Q. 2008. Garra findolabium, a new species of cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from the Red River drainage in Yunnan, China. Zootaxa 1743: 62–68. Abstract & excerpt Reference page.
Lothongkham, A., Arbsuwan, S. & Musikasinthorn, P. 2014. Garra waensis, a new cyprinid fish (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes) from the Nan River basin of the Chao Phraya River system, northern Thailand. Zootaxa 3790(4): 543–554. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3790.4.3 Reference page.
Kangrang, P., Thoni, R.J., Mayden, R.L. & Beamish, F.W.H. 2016. Garra fluviatilis, a new hillstream fish species (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the Kwai Noi River system, Mae Khlong basin, Thailand. Zootaxa 4175(3): 335–344. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4175.3.3 Reference page.
Thoni, R.J., Gurung, D.B. & Mayden, R.L. 2016. A review of the genus Garra Hamilton 1822 of Bhutan, including the descriptions of two new species and three additional records (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa 4169(1): 115–132. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4169.1.5. Reference page.
Lyon, R.G., Geiger, M.F. & Freyhof, J. 2016. Garra sindhi, a new species from the Jebel Samhan Nature Reserve in Oman (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa 4154(1): 79–88. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4154.1.5. Reference page.
Mousavi-Sabet, H., Saemi-Komsari, M., Doadrio, I. & Freyhof, J. 2019. Garra roseae, a new species from the Makran region in southern Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa 4671(2): 223–239. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4671.2.3 Paywall Reference page.
Rath, S., Shangningam, B. & Kosygin, L. 2019. Garra simbalbaraensis, a new species of cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Himachal Pradesh, India. Zootaxa 4652(3): 487–496. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4652.3.5 Paywall Reference page.
Roni, N., Chinglemba, Y., Rameshori, Y. & Vishwanath, W. 2019. A new species of the genus Garra Hamilton (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Northeast India. Zootaxa 4619(3): 545–554. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4619.3.7 Paywall Reference page.
Roni, N., Sarbojit, T. & Vishwanath, W. 2017. Garra clavirostris, a new cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Labeoninae) from the Brahmaputra drainage, India. Zootaxa 4244(3): 367–376. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4244.3.5. Reference page.
Roni, N. & Vishwanath, W. 2018. A new species of the genus Garra (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Barak River drainage, Manipur, India. Zootaxa 4374(2): 263–272. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.6 Reference page.
Shangningam, B., Kosygin, L. & Sinha, B. 2019. A new species of rheophilic cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Brahmaputra Basin, northeast India. Zootaxa 4695(2): 148–158. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4695.2.4 Paywall Reference page.
Sun, C., Li, X., Zhou, W. & Li, F-L. 2018. A review of Garra (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from two rivers in West Yunnan, China with description of a new species. Zootaxa 4378(1): 49–70. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4378.1.3 Reference page.
Deng, S-Q., Cao, L. & Zhang, E 2018. Garra dengba, a new species of cyprinid fish (Pisces: Teleostei) from eastern Tibet, China. Pp 94–108 In Page, L.M., Chen, W-J. & Ciccotto, P.J. (eds.) Papers on fishes of Asia, including those presented at international conferences of the Asian Society of Ichthyologists in Taipei, Taiwan in 2016, and in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in 2017. Zootaxa 4476(1): 1–181. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4476.1.1 Reference page. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4476.1.9 Open access full article pdf Reference page.
Englmaier, G.K., Rodríguez, N.V., Herwig Waidbacher, Palandačić, A., Tesfaye, G., Gessl, W. & Paul Meulenbroek 2020. New data on Garra makiensis (Cyprinidae, Labeoinae) from the Awash River (Ethiopia) with remarks on its relationships to congeners on the Arabian Peninsula. ZooKeys, 984: 133–163. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.984.55982 Open access Reference page.

Vernacular names
English: Stone Lapping Fish, Doctor Fish
suomi: Imubarbit
ไทย: ปลาเลียหิน, ปลามูด

Garra is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae. These fish are one example of the "log suckers", sucker-mouthed barbs and other cyprinids commonly kept in aquaria to keep down algae. The doctor fish of Anatolia and the Middle East belongs in this genus.[1] The majority of the more than 160 species of garras are native to Asia, but about one-fifth of the species are from Africa (East, Middle and West, but by far the highest species richness in Ethiopia).[2][3]

The genus was established by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton in 1822 as a subgenus of Cyprinus (which at that time was a "basket genus" for carp-like cyprinids); though it didn't lead to an act of him to designate a type species by the time. However, as no other garras except the newly discovered G. lamta were known to science in 1822, this was designated as the type species by Pieter Bleeker in 1863. The garras and their closest relatives are sometimes placed in a subfamily Garrinae, but this seems hardly warranted. More often, this group is included in the Labeoninae, or together with these in the Cyprininae. In the former case, the garras are members of the labeonine tribe Garrini, in the latter they are in the subtribe Garraina of tribe Labeonini. The genus Discogobio is a close relative.[3]
Description and ecology

These species are slim cyprinids with a flat belly and a sucking mouth; their shape indicates that they are at least in tendency rheophilic. They are distinguished from other cyprinids by a combination of features: As in their closest relatives, their lower lip is expanded at its posterior rim to form a round or oval sucking pad, the vomero-palatine organ is much reduced or completely lost, the pectoral fins have at least the first two rays enlarged and usually unbranched, the supraethmoid is wider than long when seen from above, and the cleithrum is narrow and elongated to the front.[3]

From other Garrini (or Garraina), the genus Garra can be distinguished as follows: their pharyngeal teeth are arranged in three rows (like 2,4,5–5,4,2), the dorsal fin has 10-11 rays and starts slightly anterior to the pelvic fins, while the anal fin starts well behind the pelvic fins and has 8-9 rays. As far as is known, the diploid karyotype of garras is 2n = 50.[3]

Garras are not or barely noticeably sexually dimorphic and generally cryptically coloured benthic freshwater fish. Six species in the genus (G. andruzzii, G. dunsirei, G. lorestanensis, G. tashanensis, G. typhlops and some populations of G. barreimiae) are cave-adapted, lacking pigmentation and/or eyes.[4][5][6][7] Garras are omnivorous, eating alga, plankton and small invertebrates that they suck off substrate like rocks or logs. The food is scraped off with the sharp keratinized borders of the jaws and ingested via suction, created by contracting and relaxing the buccopharynx. As typical for Cypriniformes, the garras lack a stomach entirely, their oesophagus leading directly to the sphincter of the intestine. Different Garra species eat animal and vegetable matter in different proportions, which can – as typical for vertebrates – usually be recognized by the length of their intestine compared to related species: more herbivorous species have a longer intestine. Indeed, intestinal length in this genus is remarkably constant within species and varies a lot between species, meaning that it is useful to distinguish species and that dietary shifts have played a significant role in the evolution of garras.[3]

When the females are ready to spawn, they are markedly plump and swollen; the ripe roe may fill almost four-fifths of their body cavity. The testicles of reproductive males are large too. The average Garra egg is 1.77 mm in diameter and a clutch contains several hundred eggs – up to a thousand or so in large females. The breeding behaviour is generally not well known and breeding is not often achieved in the aquarium; presumably, like many of their relatives they migrate upstream or (if they otherwise inhabit lakes) into the rivers to spawn.[3]
Species

These are the currently recognized species in this genus:
Garra blanfordii
Garra cambodgiensis
Garra makiensis

Garra abhoyai Hora, 1921
Garra aethiopica (Pellegrin, 1927)
Garra allostoma T. R. Roberts, 1990
Garra alticaputus Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 [8]
Garra amirhosseini Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh, Coad & Eagderi, 2016 [9]
Garra andruzzii (Vinciguerra, 1924) (Somalian cavefish)
Garra annandalei Hora, 1921
Garra apogon (Norman, 1925)
Garra arunachalami Johnson & Soranam, 2001
Garra arunachalensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013 [10]
Garra arupi Nebeshwar, Vishwanath & D. N. Das, 2009
Garra barreimiae Fowler & Steinitz, 1956
Garra bicornuta Narayan Rao, 1920
Garra biloborostris Roni & Vishwanath, 2017
Garra bimaculacauda Thoni, Gurung & Mayden, 2016 [11]
Garra binduensis Das, Kosygin & Panigrahi, 2016
Garra birostris Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013 [10]
Garra bisangularis Chen, Wu, & Xiao, 2010
Garra bispinosa E. Zhang, 2005
Garra blanfordii (Boulenger, 1901)
Garra borneensis (Vaillant, 1902)
Garra bourreti (Pellegrin, 1928)
Garra buettikeri Krupp, 1983
Garra cambodgiensis (Tirant, 1883) (Cambodian logsucker)
Garra caudomaculata (Battalgil, 1942) (Antakya minnow)
Garra centrala V.H. Nguyen, T.H.N. Vu & T.D.P. Nguyen, 2015
Garra ceylonensis Bleeker, 1863 (Ceylon logsucker)
Garra chakpiensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015 [12]
Garra chathensis Ezung, Shangningam & Pankaj, 2020
Garra chebera Habteselassie, Mikschi, Ahnelt & Waidbacher, 2010
Garra chindwinensis Premananda, Kosygin, Saidullah, 2017[13]
Garra compressus Kosygin & Vishwanath, 1998
Garra congoensis Poll, 1959
Garra cornigera Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2015 [14]
Garra cryptonema (G. H. Cui & Z. Y. Li, 1984) [15]
Garra culiciphaga (Pellegrin, 1927) [16] (Red stripe barb)
Garra cyclostomata Đ. Y. Mai, 1978
Garra cyrano Kottelat, 2000
Garra dampaensis Lalronunga, Lalnuntluanga & Lalramliana, 2013 [17]
Garra dembecha Getahun & Stiassny, 2007
Garra dembeensis (Rüppell, 1835) (Dembea stone lapper)
Garra dulongensis (Chen, Pan, Kong & Yang, 2006)
Garra dunsirei Banister, 1987
Garra duobarbis Getahun & Stiassny, 2007
Garra elegans (Günther, 1868) [18]
Garra elongata Vishwanath & Kosygin, 2000 [19]
Garra emarginata Kurup & Radhakrishnan, 2011 [20]
Garra ethelwynnae Menon, 1958
Garra fasciacauda Fowler, 1937
Garra festai (Tortonese, 1939) [21]
Garra fisheri (Fowler, 1937)
Garra flavatra S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004
Garra fluviatilis Kangrang, Thoni, Mayden & Beamish, 2016 [22]
Garra fuliginosa Fowler, 1934
Garra gallagheri Krupp, 1988 (Black Garra)
Garra geba Getahun & Stiassny, 2007
Garra ghorensis Krupp, 1982
Garra gotyla (J. E. Gray, 1830) (Sucker head)
Garra gracilis (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)
Garra gravelyi (Annandale, 1919)
Garra gymnothorax Berg, 1949 (Chest scaleless garra)
Garra hainanensis Y. R. Chen & C. Y. Zheng, 1983
Garra hindii (Boulenger, 1905)
Garra hughi Silas, 1955
Garra ignestii (Gianferrari, 1925)
Garra imbarbatus (Nguyen, 2001)
Garra imberba Garman, 1912
Garra imberbis (Vinciguerra, 1890)
Garra incisorbis L. P. Zheng, J. X. Yang & X. Y. Chen, 2016 [23]
Garra jaldhakaensis, Kosygin, Bungdon Shangningam, Pratima Singh, Ujjal Das, 2021[24]
Garra jerdoni F. Day, 1867 [25]
Garra jordanica Hamidan, Geiger & Freyhof, 2014 [21]
Garra kalakadensis Rema Devi, 1993
Garra kalpangi Nebeshwar, Bagra & D. N. Das, 2012 [26]
Garra kemali (Hankó, 1925) [16]
Garra kempi Hora, 1921
Garra khawbungi Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2014 [27]
Garra kimini Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 [8]
Garra lamta (F. Hamilton, 1822)
Garra lancrenonensis Blache & Miton, 1960
Garra lautior Banister, 1987
Garra lissorhynchus (McClelland, 1842)
Garra litanensis Vishwanath, 1993
Garra longchuanensis Q. Yu, X. Z. Wang, H. Xiong & S. P. He, 2016 [28]
Garra longipinnis Banister & M. A. Clarke, 1977
Garra lorestanensis Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi, 2016 [4]
Garra magnidiscus Tamang, 2013 [29]
Garra makiensis (Boulenger, 1904)
Garra mamshuqa Krupp, 1983
Garra manipurensis Vishwanath & Sarojnalini, 1988
Garra mcclellandi (Jerdon, 1849)
Garra menderesensis (Küçük, Bayçelebi, Güçlü & Gülle, 2015) [16]
Garra menoni Rema Devi & T. J. Indra, 1984
Garra micropulvinus W. Zhou, X. F. Pan & Kottelat, 2005
Garra mini Rahman, Mollah, Norén & Kullander, 2016
Garra minimus Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 [8]
Garra mirofrontis X. L. Chu & G. H. Cui, 1987
Garra mlapparaensis Kurup & Radhakrishnan, 2011 [20]
Garra mondica Sayyadzadeh, Esmaeili & Freyhof, 2015 [30]
Garra mullya (Sykes, 1839) (sucker fish)
Garra naganensis Hora, 1921
Garra nambulica Vishwanath & Joyshree, 2005
Garra namyaensis Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2012 [31][32]
Garra nana (Heckel, 1843) [16]
Garra nasuta (McClelland, 1838)
Garra nethravathiensis Arunachalam & Nandagopal, 2014 [25]
Garra nigricauda Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 [8]
Garra nigricollis S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004
Garra nkhruletisis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015 [12]
Garra notata (Blyth, 1860)
Garra nujiangensis Z. M. Chen, S. Zhao & J. X. Yang, 2009
Garra orientalis Nichols, 1925
Garra ornata (Nichols & Griscom, 1917)
Garra palaniensis Rema Devi & Menon, 1994
Garra palaruvica Arunachalam, Raja, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 [citation needed]
Garra panitvongi Tangjitjaroen, Z. S. Randall, Tongnunui, Boyd & Page, 2023[33]
Garra paralissorhynchus Vishwanath & K. Shanta Devi, 2005
Garra parastenorhynchus Thoni, Gurung & Mayden, 2016 [11]
Garra periyarensis K. C. Gopi, 2001
Garra persica L. S. Berg, 1914
Garra phillipsi Deraniyagala, 1933 (Phillips's garra)
Garra platycephala Narayan Rao, 1920 [25]
Garra poecilura S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004
Garra poilanei Petit & T. L. Tchang, 1933
Garra propulvinus S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004
Garra qiaojiensis H. W. Wu & Yao, 1977
Garra quadratirostris Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013 [10]
Garra quadrimaculata (Rüppell, 1835)
Garra rakhinica S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004
Garra regressus Getahun & Stiassny, 2007
Garra robertsi Thoni & Mayden, 2015 [34]
Garra rossica (A. M. Nikolskii, 1900)
Garra rotundinasus E. Zhang, 2006
Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) (Red garra)
Garra rupecula (McClelland, 1839)
Garra sahilia Krupp, 1983
Garra salweenica Hora & Mukerji, 1934
Garra sindhi Lyon, Geiger & Freyhof, 2016 [35]
Garra smarti Krupp & Budd, 2009
Garra spilota S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004
Garra stenorhynchus Jerdon, 1849 [19]
Garra surendranathanii C. P. Shaji, L. K. Arun & P. S. Easa, 1996
Garra surinbinnani Page, Ray, Tongnunui, Boyd & Randall, 2019
Garra tamangi Gurumayum & Kosygin, 2016 [19]
Garra tana Getahun & Stiassny, 2007
Garra tangjitjaroeni
Garra tashanensis Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Fatemi & Eagderi, 2016[7]
Garra tengchongensis E. Zhang & Y. Y. Chen, 2002
Garra theunensis Kottelat, 1998
Garra tibanica Trewavas, 1941 [21]
Garra trilobata Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2015 [14]
Garra tyao Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2014 [27]
Garra typhlops (Bruun & E. W. Kaiser, 1944)[5] (Iran cave barb)
Garra ukhrulensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015
Garra variabilis (Heckel, 1843) (Variable garra)
Garra vittatula S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004
Garra waensis Lothongkham, Arbsuwan & Musikasinthorn, 2014 [15]
Garra wanae (Regan, 1914)
Garra waterloti (Pellegrin, 1935)
Garra widdowsoni (Trewavas, 1955) (Iraq blind barb)
Garra yiliangensis H. W. Wu & Q. Z. Chen, 1977

References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Garra.

Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Garra rufa". FishBase. August 2017 version.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Garra". FishBase. March 2017 version.
Stiassny, M.L.J. & Getahun, A. (2007): An overview of labeonin relationships and the phylogenetic placement of the Afro-Asian genus Garra Hamilton, 1922 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of five new species of Garra from Ethiopia, and a key to all African species. Archived 2008-12-02 at the Wayback Machine Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 150 (1): 41–83.
Mousavi-Sabet, H. & Eagderi, S. (2016): Garra lorestanensis, a new cave fish from the Tigris River drainage with remarks on the subterranean fishes in Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). FishTaxa, 1 (1): 45-54.
Farashi, A., Kaboli, M., Rezaei, H.R., Naghavi, M.R., Rahimian, H. & Coad, B.W. (2014): Reassessment of the taxonomic position of Iranocypris typhlops Bruun & Kaiser, 1944 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae). ZooKeys, 374: 69-77.
Romero, A., editor (2001). The Biology of Hypogean Fishes, p. 17. Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes. ISBN 978-1402000768
MOUSAVI-SABET, Hamed, et al. “Tashan Cave a New Cave Fish Locality for Iran; and Garra Tashanensis, a New Blind Species from the Tigris River Drainage (Teleostei: Cyprinidae).” FISHTAXA(2016) 1(3): 133-148, http://www.fishtaxa.com/index.php/ft/article/view/1-3-3.
Arunachalam, M., Nandagopal, S. & Mayden, R.L. (2013): Morphological diagnoses of Garra (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from North-Eastern India with four new species description from Brahmaputra River. Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 4 (3): 121-138.
Esmaeili, H.R., Sayyadzadeh, G., Coad, B.W. & Eagderi, S. (2016): Review of the genus Garra Hamilton, 1822 in Iran with description of a new species: a morpho-molecular approach (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 3 (2): 82-121.
Nebeshwar, K. & Vishwanath, W. (2013): Three new species of Garra (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from north-eastern India and redescription of G. gotyla. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24 (2): 97-120.
Thoni, R.J., Gurung, D.B. & Mayden, R.L. (2016): A review of the genus Garra Hamilton 1822 of Bhutan, including the descriptions of two new species and three additional records (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 4169 (1): 115-132.
Nebeshwar, K. & Vishwanath, W. (2015): Two new species of Garra (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from the Chindwin River basin in Manipur, India, with notes on some nominal Garra species of the Himalayan foothills. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25 (4): 305-321.
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Lothongkham, A., Arbsuwan, S. & Musikasinthorn, P. (2014): Garra waensis, a new cyprinid fish (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes) from the Nan River basin of the Chao Phraya River system, northern Thailand. Zootaxa, 3790 (4): 543–554.
Behrens-Chapuis, S., Herder, F., Esmaeili, H.R., Freyhof, J., Hamidan, N.A., Özuluğ, M., Šanda, R. & Geiger, M.F. (2015): Adding nuclear rhodopsin data where mitochondrial COI indicates discrepancies – can this marker help to explain conflicts in cyprinids? DNA Barcodes, 3 (1): 187-199.
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Freyhof, J. (2016): Redescription of Garra elegans (Günther, 1868), a poorly known species from the Tigris River drainage (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 4173 (5): 496-500.
Gurumayum, S.D. & Kosygin, L. (2016): Garra tamangi, a new species of cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. Species, 17 (55): 84-93.
Kurup, B.M. & Radhakrishnan, K.V. (2011): Two new cyprinid fishes under the genus Garra (Hamilton) from Kerala, southern India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 107 (3): 220-223.
Hamidan, N.A., Geiger, M.F. & Freyhof, J. (2014): Garra jordanica, a new species from the Dead Sea basin with remarks on the relationship of G. ghorensis, G. tibanica and G. rufa (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25 (3): 223-236.
Kangrang, P., Thoni, R.J., Mayden, R.L. & Beamish, F.W.H. (2016): Garra fluviatilis, a new hillstream fish species (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the Kwai Noi River system, Mae Khlong basin, Thailand. Zootaxa, 4175 (4): 335-344.
Zheng, L.-P., Yang, J.-X. & Chen, X.-Y. (2016): Garra incisorbis, a new species of labeonine from Pearl River basin in Guangxi, China (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 26 (4): 299-304.
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Arunachalam, M. & Nandagopal, S. (2014): A New Species of the Genus Garra Hamilton, (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Nethravathi River, Western Ghats, India. Species, 10 (24): 43-57.
Nebeshwar, K., Bagra, K. & Das, D.N. (2012): Garra kalpangi, a new cyprinid fish species (Pisces: Teleostei) from upper Brahmaputra basin in Arunachal Pradesh, India. Archived 2012-11-01 at the Wayback Machine Journal of Threatened Taxa, 4 (2): 2353–2362.
Arunachalam, M., Nandagopal, S. & Mayden, R.L. (2014): Two new Species of Garra from Mizoram, India (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) and a General Comparative Analyses of Indian Garra. Species, 10 (24): 58-78.
Yu, Q., Wang, X., Xiong, H. & He, S. (2016): Garra longchuanensis, a new cyprinid (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from southern China. Zootaxa, 4126 (2): 295-300.
Tamang, L. (2013): Garra magnidiscus, a new species of cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24 (1): 31-40.
Sayyadzadeh, G., Esmaeili, H.R. & Freyhof, J. (2015): Garra mondica, a new species from the Mond River drainage with remarks on the genus Garra from the Persian Gulf basin in Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 4048 (1): 75–89.
Shangningam, B. & Vishwanath, W. (2012): A New Species of the Genus Garra Hamilton, 1822 from the Chindwin Basin of Manipur, India (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Labeoninae). International Scholarly Research Network (ISRN Zoology), 2012: 1-6.
Shangningam, B. & Vishwanath, W. (2012): Validation of Garra namyaensis Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2012 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Labeoninae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (1): 10-10.
Tangjitjaroen, Z. S. Randall, Tongnunui, Boyd & Page Species of Garra (Cyprinidae: Labeoninae) in the Salween River basin with description of an enigmatic new species from the Ataran River drainage of Thailand and Myanmar, Zootaxa 5311 (3): 375–39.
Thoni, R.J. & Mayden, R.L. (2015): Garra robertsi, a new cyprinid (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) fish species from Borneo. Zootaxa, 3985 (2): 284–290.
Lyon, R.G., Geiger, M.F. & Freyhof, J. (2016): Garra sindhi, a new species from the Jebel Samhan Nature Reserve in Oman (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 4154 (1): 79-88.