Hyphessobrycon

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Otomorpha
Subcohors: Ostariophysi
Sectio: Otophysa
Ordo: Characiformes

Familia: Characidae
Subfamiliae: Pristellinae
Genus: Hyphessobrycon
Species: (143)
a–b

H. agulha – H. albolineatum – H. amandae – H. amapaensis – H. amaronensis – H. anisitsi – H. arianae – H. auca – H. axelrodi – H. balbus – H. bentosi – H. bifasciatus – H. borealis – H. boulengeri – H. brumado – H. bussingi
c–d

H. cachimbensis – H. cantoi – H. caru – H. catableptus – H. chocoensis – H. clavatus – H. coelestinus – H. columbianus – H. compressus – H. condotensis – H. copelandi – H. cyanotaenia – H. delimai – H. diancistrus – H. dorsalis – H. duragenys
e–f

H. ecuadorensis – H. ecuadoriensis – H. eilyos – H. elachys – H. ellisae – H. eos – H. epicharis – H. eques – H. ericae – H. erythrostigma – H. eschwartzae – H. fernandezi – H. flammeus – H. frankei
g–h

H. georgettae – H. geryi – H. gracilior – H. griemi – H. guarani – H. hamatus – H. haraldschultzi – H. hasemani – H. heliacus – H. herbertaxelrodi – H. heteresthes – H. heterorhabdus – H. hexastichos – H. hildae
i–l

H. igneus – H. iheringi – H. inconstans – H. isiri – H. itaparicensis – H. jackrobertsi – H. kayabi – H. khardinae – H. klausanni – H. krenakore – H. langeanii – H. latus – H. loretoensis – H. loweae – H. lucenorum – H. luetkenii
m

H. maculicauda – H. margitae – H. megalopterus – H. melanopleurus – H. melanostichos – H. melasemeion – H. melazonatus – H. meridionalis – H. metae – H. micropterus – H. milleri – H. minimus – H. minor – H. moniliger – H. montagi – H. mutabilis
n–p

H. natagaima – H. negodagua – H. nicolasi – H. nigricinctus – H. notidanos – H. ocasoensis – H. oritoensis – H. otrynus – H. paepkei – H. panamensis – H. pando – H. parvellus – H. peruvianus – H. petricolus – H. peugeoti – H. piabinhas – H. piorskii – H. poecilioides – H. procerus – H. procyon – H. proteus – H. psittacus – H. pulchripinnis – H. pyrrhonotus – H. pytai
r–s

H. reticulatus – H. rheophilus – H. robustulus – H. rosaceus – H. roseus – H. rutiliflavidus – H. saizi – H. santae – H. savagei – H. schauenseei – H. scholzei – H. scutulatus – H. sebastiani – H. simulatus – H. socolofi – H. sovichthys – H. stegemanni – H. stramineus – H. sweglesi
t–z

H. taguae – H. takasei – H. taphorni – H. taurocephalus – H. tenuis – H. togoi – H. tortuguerae – H. tropis – H. tukunai – H. tuyensis – H. uaiso – H. vanzolinii – H. vilmae – H. vinaceus – H. wadai – H. wajat – H. weitzmanorum – H. werneri – H. wosiackii

Name

Hyphessobrycon Durbin in Eigenmann, 1908

Type species: Hemigrammus compressus Meek, 1904

Synonyms

Dermatocheir Durbin, 1909
Megalamphodus Eigenmann, 1915
Pseudopristella Géry, 1960

Hyphessobrycon vilmae

References

Carvalho, F. R. & Langeani, F.; 2013: Hyphessobrycon uaiso: new characid fish from the rio Grande, upper rio Paraná basin, Minas Gerais State (Ostariophysi: Characidae), with a brief comment about some types of Hyphessobrycon. Neotropical Ichthyology, 11 (3): 525–536.
Eigenmann, C.H. 1908. Preliminary descriptions of new genera and species of tetragonopterid characins. (Zoölogical Results of the Thayer Brazilian expedition.). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 52(6): 91–106. BHL Reference page.
García-Alzate, C.A.; Román-Valencia, C.; Prada-Pedreros, S. 2010: Tres nuevas especies de Hyphessobrycon grupo heterorhabdus (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae), y clave para especies de la cuenca del río Orinoco. Caldasia, 32 (2): 443–461. ISSN: 0366-5232
García-Alzate, C.A.; Román-Valencia, C.; Taphorn, D.C. 2010: A new species of Hyphessobrycon (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) from the San Juan River drainage, Pacific versant of Colombia. Zootaxa, 2349: 55–64. Preview
García-Alzate, C.A., Urbano-Bonilla, A. & Taphorn, D.C. 2017. A new species of Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes, Characidae) from the upper Guaviare River, Orinoco River Basin, Colombia. ZooKeys 668: 123–138. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.668.11489 Reference page.
Guimarães, E.C., de Brito, P.S., Feitosa, L.M., Carvalho-Costa, L.F. & Ottoni, F.P. 2018. A new species of Hyphessobrycon Durbin from northeastern Brazil: evidence from morphological data and DNA barcoding (Characiformes, Characidae). ZooKeys 765: 79–101. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.765.23157. Reference page.
Guimarães, E.C., de Brito, P.S., Feitosa, L.M., Costa, L.F.C. & Ottoni, F.P. 2019. A new cryptic species of Hyphessobrycon Durbin, 1908 (Characiformes, Characidae) from the Eastern Amazon, revealed by integrative taxonomy. Zoosystematics and Evolution, 95: 345–360. DOI: 10.3897/zse.95.34069 Reference page.
Lima, F.C.T., Coutinho, D.P. & Wosiacki, W.B. 2014. A new Hyphessobrycon (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) from the middle Amazon basin, Brazil. Zootaxa 3872(2): 167–179. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3872.2.3 Reference page.
Moreira, C.R. & Lima, F.C.T. 2017. Two new Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) species from Central Amazon basin, Brazil. Zootaxa 4318(1): 123–134. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4318.1.5. Reference page.
Ohara, W.M., Teixeira, T.F., Albornoz-Garzón, J.G., Mirande, J.M. & Lima, F.C.T. 2019. Hyphessobrycon rheophilus, a new species from rapids of the Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Characiformes: Characidae: Stethaprioninae). Zootaxa 4712(4): 561–575. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.4.5 Paywall Reference page.
Ota, R.R., Carvalho, F.R. & Pavanelli, C.S. 2020. Taxonomic review of the Hyphessobrycon panamensis species-group (Characiformes: Characidae). Zootaxa 4751(3): 401–436. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.3.1 Paywall Reference page.
Pastana, M.N. de L. & Ohara, W.M. 2016. A new species of Hyphessobrycon Durbin (Characiformes: Characidae) from rio Aripuanã, rio Madeira basin, Brazil. Zootaxa 4161(3): 386–398. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4161.3.6. Reference page.

Links

Hyphessobrycon – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).

Vernacular names

مصرى: هيبسوبريكون
azərbaycanca: Hifessobrikon
български: хифесобрикони
English: Hyphessobrycons
فارسی: تترا
lietuvių: Mažieji brikonai
кырык мары: Хифессобрикон
português: Rosaceu
русский: Хифессобриконы
українська: Хіфесобрикон
Tiếng Việt: Cá hồng nhung

Hyphessobrycon is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Characidae. These species are among the fishes known as tetras. The genus is distributed in the Neotropical realm from southern Mexico to Río de la Plata in Argentina. Many of these species are native to South America; about six species are from Central America and a single species, H. compressus is from southern Mexico.[1]

All small fishes, the Hyphessobrycon tetras reach maximum overall lengths of about 1.7–9.6 cm (0.7–3.8 in).[1] Great anatomical diversity exists in this genus.[2] They are generally of typical characin shape, but vary greatly in coloration and body form, many species having distinctive black, red, or yellow markings on their bodies and fins. These species are generally omnivorous, feeding predominantly on small crustaceans, insects, annelid worms, and zooplankton. When spawning, they scatter their eggs and guard neither eggs nor young.
Taxonomy

This large genus of characins includes over 150 species.[1] The systematics of Hyphessobrycon are still largely unresolved.[3] Six groups within this genus have been recognized based on color patterns alone.[4] With no phylogenetic analysis of this genus, species are placed into this genus as anatomically defined by Carl H. Eigenmann in 1917.[2] By this definition, Hyphessobrycon is identified by the presence of an adipose fin, incomplete lateral line, two tooth series in the premaxilla, with the teeth of the external series continuous in a single series, teeth not strictly conical, preventral scales arranged in more than one row and lack of scales in the caudal fin.[2] The characteristic of extension of scales onto the caudal fin that differentiates this genus from Hemigrammus is not satisfactory, as it occurs in intermediate conditions.[2]

This genus is not monophyletic.[2] A monophyletic group within Hyphessobrycon has been hypothesized, termed the rosy tetra clade; this group is based upon coloration pattern and the shape of dorsal and anal fins of males.[4] Recognition of monophyletic groups among Hyphessobrycon species is complicated by the difficulty in finding characters useful for hypothesis of relationships among the species.[4] Traditional characters used to identify Hyphessobrycon are phylogenetically unreliable.[4]
Etymology

The generic name, Hyphessobrycon, is of slightly uncertain origin. The second part derives from the Greek βρύκω (to bite); the first, derives from an ostensible Greek hyphesson, which may be an error for υπελάσσων (slightly smaller).[1]
Relationship to humans
The flame tetra (H. flammeus) is bred in large numbers in captivity and common in the aquarium trade, but rare in the wild.[5][6]

Most of the 144 species in the genus have not been rated by the IUCN Red List as a threatened, but many species have small distributions and at least three, H. flammeus,[5] H. coelestinus and H. duragenys are classified as endangered.[7] One, H. taurocephalus, is categorised as possibly extinct.[5][8] This species only occurs in a few rivers and streams in Santa Catarina and Paraná states of Brazil.

Many Hyphessobrycon species are popular aquarium fish, and some, including H. flammeus, are bred in large numbers in captivity.[6][9]
Species

The 156 currently recognized species in this genus are:

Hyphessobrycon acaciae García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Prada-Pedreros, 2010 [10]
Hyphessobrycon agulha Fowler, 1913 (red-tailed flag tetra)
Hyphessobrycon albolineatum Fernández-Yépez, 1950
Hyphessobrycon amandae Géry & Uj, 1987 (ember tetra)
Hyphessobrycon amapaensis Zarske & Géry, 1998 (red-line tetra)
Hyphessobrycon amaronensis García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Taphorn, 2010 [11]
Hyphessobrycon arianae Uj & Géry, 1989
Hyphessobrycon auca Almirón, Casciotta, Bechara & Ruíz Díaz, 2004
Hyphessobrycon axelrodi (Travassos, 1959) (calypso tetra)
Hyphessobrycon balbus G. S. Myers, 1927
Hyphessobrycon bentosi Durbin, 1908 (ornate tetra)
Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus Durbin, 1911 (yellow tetra)
Hyphessobrycon borealis Zarske, Le Bail & Géry, 2006
Hyphessobrycon boulengeri (C. H. Eigenmann, 1907)
Hyphessobrycon brumado Zanata & Camelier, 2010 [12]
Hyphessobrycon bussingi Ota, Carvalho & Pavanelli, 2020[13]
Hyphessobrycon cachimbensis Travassos, 1964
Hyphessobrycon caru GUIMARÃES, 2019[14]
Hyphessobrycon catableptus (Durbin, 1909)
Hyphessobrycon chiribiquete García‐Alzate, Lima, Taphorn, Mojica, Urbano‐Bonilla & Teixeira, 2020 [15]
Hyphessobrycon chocoensis García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Taphorn, 2013 [16]
Hyphessobrycon clavatus Zarske, 2015 [17]
Hyphessobrycon coelestinus G. S. Myers, 1929
Hyphessobrycon columbianus Zarske & Géry, 2002
Hyphessobrycon comodoro Dagosta, Seren, Ferreira & Marinho, 2022[18]
Hyphessobrycon compressus (Meek, 1904) (Mayan tetra) [19]
Hyphessobrycon condotensis Regan, 1913
Hyphessobrycon copelandi Durbin, 1908
Hyphessobrycon cyanotaenia Zarske & Géry, 2006 (lapis tetra) [20]
Hyphessobrycon delimai Teixeira, Netto-Ferreira, Birindelli & L. M. Sousa, 2016 [21]
Hyphessobrycon diancistrus S. H. Weitzman, 1977
Hyphessobrycon diastatos D'Agosta, Marinho & Camelier, 2014 [22]
Hyphessobrycon dorsalis Zarske, 2014 [23]
Hyphessobrycon duragenys Durbin, 1911
Hyphessobrycon ecuadoriensis C. H. Eigenmann & Henn, 1914
Hyphessobrycon eilyos F. C. T. Lima & C. L. R. Moreira, 2003
Hyphessobrycon elachys M. J. Weitzman, 1985
Hyphessobrycon eos Durbin, 1909 (dawn tetra)
Hyphessobrycon epicharis S. H. Weitzman & L. F. Palmer, 1997
Hyphessobrycon eques (Steindachner, 1882) (jewel tetra)
Hyphessobrycon ericae C. L. R. Moreira & F. C. T. Lima, 2017 [24]
Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma (Fowler, 1943) (bleeding-heart tetra)
Hyphessobrycon eschwartzae García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & H. Ortega, 2013 [25]
Hyphessobrycon fernandezi Fernández-Yépez, 1972
Hyphessobrycon flammeus G. S. Myers, 1924 (flame tetra) [5]
Hyphessobrycon frankei Zarske & Géry, 1997
Hyphessobrycon georgettae Géry, 1961
Hyphessobrycon gracilior Géry, 1964
Hyphessobrycon griemi Hoedeman, 1957 (gold-spotted tetra)
Hyphessobrycon hamatus Bertaco & L. R. Malabarba, 2005
Hyphessobrycon haraldschultzi Travassos, 1960
Hyphessobrycon hasemani Fowler, 1913
Hyphessobrycon heliacus C. L. R. Moreira, Landim & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2002
Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi Géry, 1961 (black-neon tetra)
Hyphessobrycon heteresthes (Ulrey, 1894)
Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus (Ulrey, 1894) (flag tetra)
Hyphessobrycon hexastichos Bertaco & T. P. Carvalho, 2005
Hyphessobrycon hildae Fernández-Yépez, 1950
Hyphessobrycon igneus Miquelarena, Menni, H. L. López & Casciotta, 1980
Hyphessobrycon iheringi Fowler, 1941
Hyphessobrycon inconstans (C. H. Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907)
Hyphessobrycon isiri Almirón, Casciotta & Körber, 2006
Hyphessobrycon itaparicensis S. M. Q. Lima & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2001
Hyphessobrycon jackrobertsi Zarske, 2014 [23]
Hyphessobrycon kayabi Teixeira, F. C. T. Lima & Zuanon, 2014 [26]
Hyphessobrycon khardinae Zarske, 2008
Hyphessobrycon klausanni García-Alzate, Urbano-Bonilla & Taphorn, 2017 [27]
Hyphessobrycon krenakore Teixeira, Netto-Ferreira, Birindelli & L. M. Sousa, 2016 [21]
Hyphessobrycon langeanii F. C. T. Lima & C. L. R. Moreira, 2003
Hyphessobrycon latus Fowler, 1941
Hyphessobrycon loretoensis Ladiges, 1938 (Loreto tetra)
Hyphessobrycon loweae W. J. E. M. Costa & Géry, 1994 [28]
Hyphessobrycon lucenorum Ohara & F. C. T. Lima, 2015 [29]
Hyphessobrycon luetkenii (Boulenger, 1887)
Hyphessobrycon maculicauda C. G. E. Ahl, 1936
Hyphessobrycon margitae Zarske, 2016 [30]
Hyphessobrycon mavro García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Prada-Pedreros, 2010 [10]
Hyphessobrycon megalopterus (C. H. Eigenmann, 1915) (black-phantom tetra)
Hyphessobrycon melanostichos T. P. Carvalho & Bertaco, 2006
Hyphessobrycon melasemeion Fowler, 1945
Hyphessobrycon melazonatus Durbin, 1908
Hyphessobrycon meridionalis Ringuelet, Miquelarena & Menni, 1978
Hyphessobrycon metae C. H. Eigenmann & Henn, 1914
Hyphessobrycon micropterus (C. H. Eigenmann, 1915)
Hyphessobrycon minimus Durbin, 1909
Hyphessobrycon minor Durbin, 1909
Hyphessobrycon moniliger C. L. R. Moreira, F. C. T. Lima & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2002
Hyphessobrycon montagi F. C. T. Lima, Coutinho & Wosiacki, 2014 [31]
Hyphessobrycon mutabilis W. J. E. M. Costa & Géry, 1994
Hyphessobrycon myrmex Pastana, D'Agosta & Esguícero, 2017 [32]
Hyphessobrycon natagaima García-Alzate, Taphorn, Román-Valencia & Villa-Navarro, 2015 [33]
Hyphessobrycon negodagua F. C. T. Lima & Gerhard, 2001
Hyphessobrycon nicolasi Miquelarena & H. L. López, 2010 [34]
Hyphessobrycon niger García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Prada-Pedreros, 2010 [10]
Hyphessobrycon nigricinctus Zarske & Géry, 2004 (morado tetra)
Hyphessobrycon notidanos T. P. Carvalho & Bertaco, 2006
Hyphessobrycon ocasoensis García-Alzate & Román-Valencia, 2008
Hyphessobrycon oritoensis García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Taphorn, 2008
Hyphessobrycon otrynus Benine & G. A. M. Lopes, 2008
Hyphessobrycon paepkei Zarske, 2014 [23]
Hyphessobrycon panamensis Durbin, 1908
Hyphessobrycon pando Hein, 2009 (Pando tetra)
Hyphessobrycon parvellus Durbin, 1911
Hyphessobrycon paucilepis García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Taphorn, 2008
Hyphessobrycon peruvianus Ladiges, 1938 (Peruvian tetra)
Hyphessobrycon petricolus Ohara, F. C. T. Lima & Barros, 2017 [35]
Hyphessobrycon peugeoti Ingenito, F. C. T. Lima & Buckup, 2013 [28]
Hyphessobrycon piabinhas Fowler, 1941
Hyphessobrycon pinnistriatus F. R. de Carvalho, Cabeceira & L. N. Carvalho, 2017 [36]
Hyphessobrycon platyodus Ohara, Abrahão & Espíndola, 2017 [37]
Hyphessobrycon poecilioides C. H. Eigenmann, 1913
Hyphessobrycon procerus Mahnert & Géry, 1987
Hyphessobrycon procyon Pastana & Ohara, 2016 [38]
Hyphessobrycon proteus C. H. Eigenmann, 1913
Hyphessobrycon psittacus D'Agosta, Marinho, Camelier & F. C. T. Lima, 2016 [20]
Hyphessobrycon pulchripinnis C. G. E. Ahl, 1937 (lemon tetra)
Hyphessobrycon pyrrhonotus W. E. Burgess, 1993
Hyphessobrycon pytai Géry & Mahnert, 1993
Hyphessobrycon reticulatus Durbin, 1911
Hyphessobrycon rheophilus Ohara, Teixeira, Albornoz-Garzón, Mirande & Lima, 2019[39]
Hyphessobrycon robustulus (Cope, 1870)
Hyphessobrycon rosaceus Durbin, 1909 (rosy tetra)
Hyphessobrycon roseus (Géry, 1960)
Hyphessobrycon rutiliflavidus F. R. de Carvalho, Langeani, Miyazawa & Troy, 2008
Hyphessobrycon saizi Géry, 1964
Hyphessobrycon santae (C. H. Eigenmann, 1907)
Hyphessobrycon savagei W. A. Bussing, 1967
Hyphessobrycon schauenseei Fowler, 1926
Hyphessobrycon scholzei C. G. E. Ahl, 1937 (black-line tetra)
Hyphessobrycon scutulatus C. A. S. Lucena, 2003
Hyphessobrycon sebastiani García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Taphorn, 2010 [40]
Hyphessobrycon sergipanus Bragança, Ottoni & Rangel-Pereira, 2016 [41][42]
Hyphessobrycon simulatus (Géry, 1960)
Hyphessobrycon socolofi S. H. Weitzman, 1977 (spot-fin tetra)
Hyphessobrycon sovichthys L. P. Schultz, 1944
Hyphessobrycon stegemanni Géry, 1961 (savanna tetra)
Hyphessobrycon stramineus Durbin, 1918
Hyphessobrycon sweglesi (Géry, 1961) (red-phantom tetra)
Hyphessobrycon taguae García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Taphorn, 2010 [11]
Hyphessobrycon takasei Géry, 1964 (coffee-bean tetra)
Hyphessobrycon taphorni García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & H. Ortega, 2013 [25]
Hyphessobrycon taurocephalus Durbin, 1911
Hyphessobrycon tenuis Géry, 1964
Hyphessobrycon togoi Miquelarena & H. L. López, 2006
Hyphessobrycon tortuguerae J. E. Böhlke, 1958
Hyphessobrycon tropis Géry, 1963
Hyphessobrycon tukunai Géry, 1965
Hyphessobrycon tuyensis García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Taphorn, 2008
Hyphessobrycon uaiso F. R. de Carvalho & Langeani, 2013 [43]
Hyphessobrycon vanzolinii F. C. T. Lima & Flausino, 2016 [44]
Hyphessobrycon vilmae Géry, 1966
Hyphessobrycon vinaceus Bertaco, L. R. Malabarba & Dergam, 2007
Hyphessobrycon wadai Marinho, D'Agosta, Camelier & Oyakawa, 2016 (blueberry tetra) [45]
Hyphessobrycon wajat Almirón & Casciotta, 1999
Hyphessobrycon weitzmanorum F. C. T. Lima & C. L. R. Moreira, 2003
Hyphessobrycon werneri Géry & Uj, 1987
Hyphessobrycon wosiackii C. L. R. Moreira & F. C. T. Lima, 2017 [24]
Hyphessobrycon zoe Faria, Lima & Wosiacki, 2020 [46]

References

Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2017). Species of Hyphessobrycon in FishBase. June 2017 version.
Lucena, C.A.S.d. (2003): New characid fish, Hyphessobrycon scutulatus, from the rio Teles Pires drainage, upper rio Tapajós system (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae). Neotropical Ichthyology, 1 (2): 93–96.
Lima, F.C.T. & Moreira, C.R. (2003): Three new species of Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Araguaia basin in Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 1 (1): 21–33.
Bertaco, V.A. & Malabarba, L.R. (2005): A new species of Hyphessobrycon (Teleostei: Characidae) from the upper Rio Tocantins drainage, with bony hooks on fins. Neotropical Ichthyology, 3 (1): 83–88.
Carvalho, F.R., Jesus, G.C.d. & Langeani, F. (2014): Redescription of Hyphessobrycon flammeus Myers, 1924 (Ostariophysi: Characidae), a threatened species from Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 12 (2): 247-256.
Hyphessobrycon flammeus Myers, 1924 Flame Tetra. Seriously Fish. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
ICMBio (Ministry of the Environment, Brazil): Portaria MMA nº 445, de 17 de dezembro de 2014 Archived 2022-05-03 at the Wayback Machine. Lista de Especies Ameaçadas - Saiba Mais. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) (2022). "Hyphessobrycon taurocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (in Portuguese). 2022: e.T187279A1825804. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T187279A1825804.pt.
Korotev, K. (2017): Breeding Hyphessobrycon flammeus. AquaInfo. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
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