Gymnothorax

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Elopocephalai
Supercohors: Elopocephala
Cohors/Superordo: Elopomorpha
Ordo: Anguilliformes
Subordo: Anguilloidei

Familia: Muraenidae
Subfamilia: Muraeninae
Genus: Gymnothorax
Species (134): G. afer – G. albimarginatus – G. andamanensis – G. angusticauda – G. angusticeps – G. annasona – G. annulatus – G. atolli – G. aurocephalus – G. australicola – G. austrinus – G. bacalladoi – G. baranesi – G. bathyphilus – G. berndti – G. breedeni – G. buroensis – G. castaneus – G. castlei – G. cephalospilus – G. chilospilus – G. chlamydatus – G. conspersus – G. cribroris – G. davidsmithi – G. dorsalis – G. dovii – G. elegans – G. emmae – G. enigmaticus – G. equatorialis – G. eurostus – G. eurygnathos – G. favagineus – G. fimbriatus – G. flavimarginatus – G. flavoculus – G. formosus – G. funebris – G. fuscomaculatus – G. gracilicauda – G. griseus – G. hansi – G. hepaticus – G. herrei – G. hubbsi – G. indicus – G. intesi – G. isingteena – G. javanicus – G. johnsoni – G. kidako – G. kolpos – G. kontodontos – G. longinquus – G. maderensis – G. mareei – G. margaritophorus – G. marshallensis – G. mccoskeri – G. megaspilus – G. melanosomatus – G. melatremus – G. meleagris – G. microspila – G. microstictus – G. miliaris – G. minor – G. mishrai – G. moluccensis – G. monochrous – G. monostigma – G. mordax – G. moringa – G. nasuta – G. neglectus – G. nigromarginatus – G. niphostigmus – G. nubilus – G. nudivomer – G. nuttingi – G. obesus – G. ocellatus – G. odishi – G. panamensis – G. parini – G. phalarus – G. pharaonis – G. phasmatodes – G. philippinus – G. pictus – G. pikei – G. pindae – G. polygonius – G. polyspondylus – G. polyuranodon – G. porphyreus – G. prasinus – G. prionodon – G. prismodon – G. prolatus – G. pseudoherrei – G. pseudomelanosomatus – G. pseudoprolatus – G. pseudothyrsoideus – G. pseudotile – G. punctatofasciatus – G. punctatus – G. randalli – G. reevesii – G. reticularis – G. richardsonii – G. robinsi – G. rueppellii – G. sagenodeta – G. sagmacephalus – G. saxicola – G. serratidens – G. shaoi – G. smithi – G. sokotrensis – G. steindachneri – G. taiwanensis – G. thyrsoideus – G. tile – G. undulatus – G. unicolor – G. vagrans – G. verrilli – G. vicinus – G. vietnamensis – G. visakhaensis – G. walvisensis – G. woodwardi – G. ypsilon – G. zonipectis
Name

Gymnothorax Bloch, 1795

Type species: Gymnothorax reticularis Bloch, 1795
Synonyms

Ahynnodontophis Fowler, 1912
Chasmenchelys Fowler, 1944
Heteromyrus Pietschmann, 1935
Lycodontis Jordan & Evermann, 1896
Neomuraena Girard, 1858
Notorabula Whitley, 1934
Polyuranodon Kaup, 1856
Priodonophis Kaup, 1859
Pseudomuraena Johnson, 1862
Rabula Jordan & Davis, 1891
Serranguilla Whitley & Phillipps, 1939
Siderea Kaup, 1856
Taeniophis Kaup, 1859
Thaerodontis McClelland, 1844
Thyrsoidea Kaup, 1856
Verdithorax Whitley, 1931

Gymnothorax elegans

Gymnothorax eurostus

Gymnothorax favagineus

Gymnothorax griseus

References
Primary references

Bloch, M.E. 1795: Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlin. 9 : i-ii + 1-192, Pls. 397-429.

Additional references

Huang, W-C., Chen, H-M. & Liao, T.Y. 2019. Revalidation of a moray eel, Gymnothorax mucifer Snyder, 1904 (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Muraenidae), with a revised distribution. Zootaxa 4559(1): 151–165. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4559.1.6 Paywall Reference page.
Johnson, J.Y. 1862. Decriptions of some new genera and species of fishes obtained at Madeira. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862: 167-180. BHL Reference page. [see page 167]
Smith, D.G. 2012. A checklist of the moray eels of the world (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Muraenidae). Zootaxa 3474: 1–64. Preview PDF. Open access. Reference page.
Loh, K-H., Shao, K-T., Ho, H-C., Lim, P-E. & Chen, H-M. 2015. A new species of moray eel (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from Taiwan, with comments on related elongate unpatterned species. Zootaxa 4060(1): 30–40. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.5 Preview (PDF). Full article (PDF). Reference page.
Mohapatra, A., Ray, D., Smith, D.G. & Mishra, S.S. 2016. A new species of elongate unpatterned moray eel of the genus Gymnothorax (Muraenidae: Muraeninae) from the Bay of Bengal. Zootaxa 4150(5): 591–598. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.6. Reference page.
Mohapatra, A., Smith, D.G., Ray, D., Mishra, S.S. & Mohanty, S.R. 2017. Gymnothorax pseudotile sp. nov. (Muraenidae: Muraeninae) from Bay of Bengal India. Zootaxa 4286(4): 586–592. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4286.4.11. Reference page.
Mohapatra, A., Smith, D.G., Mohanty, S.R., Mishra, S.S. & Tudu, P. 2017. Gymnothorax visakhaensis sp. nov., a new species of elongate unpatterned moray eel (Muraenidae: Muraeninae) from the Indian Coast. Zootaxa 4300(2): 279–286. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.9. Reference page.
Mohapatra, A., Mohanty, S.R., Smith, D.G., Mishra, S.S. & Roy, S. 2018. Gymnothorax odishi sp. nov. (Muraenidae: Muraeninae), a short brown unpatterned moray eel from Bay of Bengal, India. Zootaxa 4420(1): 123–130. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.1.7 Paywall Reference page.
Ray, D., Mohapatra, A. & Smith, D.G. 2015. A new species of Short Brown Unpatterned Moray Eel of the Genus Gymnothorax (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the Bay of Bengal. Zootaxa 4027(1): 140–144. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4027.1.8. Preview (PDF) Reference page.
Smith, D.G., Bogordsky, S.V., Mal, A.O. & Alpermann, T.J. 2019. Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 4704(1): 1–87. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4704.1.1 Open access pdf Reference page.
Smith, D.G.; Brokovich, E.; Einbinder, S. 2008: Gymnothorax baranesi, a new moray eel (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the Red Sea. Zootaxa, 1678: 63–68. Abstract & excerpt PDF
Smith, D.G., Hibino, Y. & Ho, H-S. 2018. Two new elongate unpatterned moray eels from Taiwan and Vietnam, with notes on two congeners (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae). Pp 33–42 In Ho, H-C., Holleman, W., Hilton, E.J., Smith, D.G. & McCosker, J.E. (eds.), Systematics and biodiversity of eels (orders Anguilliformes and Saccopharyngiformes) of Taiwan (II). Zootaxa, 4454(1): 1–237. Reference page. Zootaxa 4454(1): 33–42. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4454.1.5 Open access PDF Reference page.
Sumod, K.S., Mohapatra, A., Sanjeevan, V.N., Kishor, T.G. & Bineesh, K. K. 2019. A new species of white-spotted moray eel, Gymnothorax smithi (Muraenidae: Muraeninae) from deep waters of Arabian Sea, India. Zootaxa 4652(2): 359–366. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4652.2.8 Paywall Reference page.

Taxon identifiers

Wikidata: Q1029671 ADW: Gymnothorax AFD: Gymnothorax BOLD: 7204 CoL: C9ZRG EoL: 46561617 GBIF: 2403463 iNaturalist: 47315 NCBI: 121281 NZOR: 7b8e6d33-149b-4fb0-93fd-69c10b7ab84d WoRMS: 125636

Vernacular names
English: Common Morays
русский: Гимнотораксы
ไทย: ปลาหลดหิน, ปลาไหลมอเรย์

Gymnothorax is a genus of fish in the family Muraenidae found in Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. With more than 120 species, it the most speciose genus of moray eels.

Smith (2012) notes that Gymnothorax as currently recognized is polyphyletic, but cautioned that comparative studies are needed before action is taken to resurrect generic synonyms of Gymnothorax.[2]
Species

Both FishBase and World Register of Marine Species recognize a total of 128 valid species in the genus.[3][4] However, each database includes three species that the other does not list, which are noted in the list below.

Gymnothorax afer Bloch, 1795 (Dark moray)
Gymnothorax albimarginatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) (White-margin moray)
Gymnothorax andamanensis Mohapatra, Kiruba-Sankar, Praveenraj & Mohanty, 2019[5]
Gymnothorax angusticauda (M. C. W. Weber & de Beaufort, 1916) (Narrow-tail moray)
Gymnothorax angusticeps (Hildebrand & F. O. Barton, 1949)
Gymnothorax annasona Whitley, 1937 (Lord Howe Island moray)
Gymnothorax annulatus D. G. Smith & E. B. Böhlke, 1997 (Ringed moray)
Gymnothorax atolli (Pietschmann, 1935) (Atoll moray)
Gymnothorax aurocephalus Nashad, Mohapatra, Varghese & Bineesh, 2020 (Goldenhead moray)[6]
Gymnothorax australicola Lavenberg, 1992 (South Pacific moray)
Gymnothorax austrinus E. B. Böhlke & McCosker, 2001 (Southern moray)
Gymnothorax bacalladoi E. B. Böhlke & Brito, 1987 (Canary moray)
Gymnothorax baranesi D. G. Smith, Brokovich & Einbinder, 2008
Gymnothorax bathyphilus J. E. Randall & McCosker, 1975 (Deep-dwelling moray)
Gymnothorax berndti Snyder, 1904 (Y-patterned moray)
Gymnothorax breedeni McCosker & J. E. Randall, 1977 (Black-cheek moray)
Gymnothorax buroensis (Bleeker, 1857) (Vagrant moray)
Gymnothorax castaneus (D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1883) (Panamic green moray)
Gymnothorax castlei E. B. Böhlke & J. E. Randall, 1999 (Castle's moray)
Gymnothorax cephalospilus E. B. Böhlke & McCosker, 2001 (Head-spot moray)
Gymnothorax chilospilus Bleeker, 1864 (Lip-spot moray)
Gymnothorax chlamydatus Snyder, 1908 (Banded mud moray)
Gymnothorax conspersus Poey, 1867 (Saddled moray)
Gymnothorax cribroris Whitley, 1932 (Sieve-patterned moray)
Gymnothorax davidsmithi McCosker & J. E. Randall, 2008 (Flores mud moray)
Gymnothorax dorsalis Seale, 1917
Gymnothorax dovii (Günther, 1870) (Fine-spotted moray)
Gymnothorax elaineheemstrae Sithole, Smith, Mwale & Gouws, 2020[7]
Gymnothorax elegans Bliss, 1883 (Elegant moray)
Gymnothorax emmae Prokofiev, 2010[8]
Gymnothorax enigmaticus McCosker & J. E. Randall, 1982 (Enigmatic moray)
Gymnothorax equatorialis (Hildebrand, 1946) (Spot-tail moray)
Gymnothorax eurostus (C. C. Abbott, 1860) (Abbott's moray)
Gymnothorax eurygnathos E. B. Böhlke, 2001
Gymnothorax favagineus Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801 (Laced moray)
Gymnothorax fimbriatus (E. T. Bennett, 1832) (Fimbriated moray)
Gymnothorax flavimarginatus (Rüppell, 1830) (Yellow-edged moray)
Gymnothorax flavoculus (E. B. Böhlke & J. E. Randall, 1996) (Pale-nose moray)
Gymnothorax formosus Bleeker, 1864
Gymnothorax funebris Ranzani, 1839 (Green moray)
Gymnothorax fuscomaculatus (L. P. Schultz, 1953) (Brown-spotted moray)
Gymnothorax gracilicauda O. P. Jenkins, 1903 (Slender-tail moray)
Gymnothorax griseus (Lacépède, 1803) (Geometric moray)
Gymnothorax hansi Heemstra, 2004
Gymnothorax hepaticus (Rüppell, 1830) (Liver-colored moray)
Gymnothorax herrei Beebe & Tee-Van, 1933 (Herre's moray)
Gymnothorax hubbsi J. E. Böhlke & E. B. Böhlke, 1977 (Lichen moray)
Gymnothorax indicus Mohapatra, D. Ray, D. G. Smith & Mishra, 2016 (Indian unpatterened moray)[9][a]
Gymnothorax intesi (Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979) (White-tip moray)
Gymnothorax isingteena (J. Richardson, 1845) (Indo-Pacific spotted moray)
Gymnothorax javanicus (Bleeker, 1859) (Giant moray)
Gymnothorax johnsoni (J. L. B. Smith, 1962) (White-spotted moray)
Gymnothorax kidako (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) (Kidako moray)
Gymnothorax kolpos J. E. Böhlke & E. B. Böhlke, 1980 (Black-tail moray)
Gymnothorax kontodontos E. B. Böhlke, 2000 (Short-tooth moray)
Gymnothorax longinquus (Whitley, 1948)
Gymnothorax maderensis (J. Y. Johnson, 1862) (Shark-tooth moray)
Gymnothorax mareei Poll, 1953 (Spot-jaw moray)
Gymnothorax margaritophorus Bleeker, 1864 (Blotch-necked moray)
Gymnothorax marshallensis (L. P. Schultz, 1953) (Marshall Islands moray)
Gymnothorax mccoskeri D. G. Smith & E. B. Böhlke, 1997
Gymnothorax megaspilus E. B. Böhlke & J. E. Randall, 1995 (Oman moray)
Gymnothorax melanosomatus K. H. Loh, K. T. Shao & H. M. Chen, 2011 (Black-body moray)[10]
Gymnothorax melatremus L. P. Schultz, 1953 (Dwarf moray)
Gymnothorax meleagris (G. Shaw, 1795) (Turkey moray)
Gymnothorax microspila (Günther, 1870)[b]
Gymnothorax microstictus E. B. Böhlke, 2000 (Small-spot moray)
Gymnothorax miliaris (Kaup, 1856) (Golden-tail moray)
Gymnothorax minor (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Gymnothorax mishrai D. Ray, Mohapatra & D. G. Smith, 2015 (Bengal moray)[11][a]
Gymnothorax moluccensis (Bleeker, 1864) (Moluccan moray)
Gymnothorax monochrous (Bleeker, 1856) (Drab moray)
Gymnothorax monostigma (Regan, 1909) (One-spot moray)
Gymnothorax mordax (Ayres, 1859) (California moray)
Gymnothorax moringa (G. Cuvier, 1829) (Spotted moray)
Gymnothorax nasuta F. de Buen, 1961 (Easter Island moray)
Gymnothorax neglectus S. Tanaka (I), 1911
Gymnothorax nigromarginatus (Girard, 1858) (Black-edge moray)
Gymnothorax niphostigmus H. M. Chen, K. T. Shao & C. T. Chen, 1996 (Snowflake-patched moray)
Gymnothorax nubilus (J. Richardson, 1848) (Grey moray)
Gymnothorax nudivomer (Günther, 1867) (Yellow-mouth moray)
Gymnothorax nuttingi Snyder, 1904 (Nutting's moray)
Gymnothorax obesus (Whitley, 1932) (Griffin's moray)
Gymnothorax ocellatus Agassiz, 1831 (Caribbean ocellated moray)
Gymnothorax odishi Mohapatra, Mohanty, Smith, Mishra, and Roy, 2018[12][a]
Gymnothorax panamensis (Steindachner, 1876) (Masked moray)
Gymnothorax parini Collette, D. G. Smith & E. B. Böhlke, 1991
Gymnothorax phalarus W. A. Bussing, 1998
Gymnothorax phasmatodes (J. L. B. Smith, 1962) (Ghost moray)
Gymnothorax philippinus D. S. Jordan & Seale, 1907 (Philippines moray)
Gymnothorax pictus (J. N. Ahl, 1789) (Paint-spotted moray)
Gymnothorax pikei Bliss, 1883 (Pike's moray)
Gymnothorax pindae J. L. B. Smith, 1962 (Pinda moray)
Gymnothorax polygonius Poey, 1875 (Polygon moray)
Gymnothorax polyspondylus E. B. Böhlke & J. E. Randall, 2000
Gymnothorax polyuranodon (Bleeker, 1854) (Freshwater moray)
Gymnothorax porphyreus (Guichenot, 1848) (Low-fin moray)
Gymnothorax prasinus (J. Richardson, 1848) (Yellow moray)
Gymnothorax prionodon J. D. Ogilby, 1895 (Australian mottled moray)
Gymnothorax prismodon E. B. Böhlke & J. E. Randall, 2000
Gymnothorax prolatus K. Sasaki & Amaoka, 1991
Gymnothorax pseudoherrei E. B. Böhlke, 2000 (False brown moray)
Gymnothorax pseudomelanosomatus K. H. Loh, K. T. Shao & H. M. Chen, 2015 (False black-body moray)[13]
Gymnothorax pseudothyrsoideus (Bleeker, 1853) (High-fin moray)
Gymnothorax pseudotile Mohapatra, Smith, Ray, Mishra & Mohanty, 2017 (Bengal low-fin moray)
Gymnothorax punctatofasciatus Bleeker, 1863 (Bars'n-spots moray)
Gymnothorax punctatus Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801 (Red Sea white-spotted moray)
Gymnothorax randalli D. G. Smith & E. B. Böhlke, 1997 (Randall's moray)
Gymnothorax reevesii (J. Richardson, 1845) (Reeve's moray)
Gymnothorax reticularis Bloch, 1795
Gymnothorax richardsonii (Bleeker, 1852) (Richardson's moray)
Gymnothorax robinsi E. B. Böhlke, 1997 (Robins' moray)
Gymnothorax rueppelliae (McClelland, 1844) (Banded moray)
Gymnothorax ryukyuensis Hatooka, 2003
Gymnothorax sagenodeta (Richardson, 1848)[b]
Gymnothorax sagmacephalus E. B. Böhlke, 1997
Gymnothorax saxicola D. S. Jordan & B. M. Davis, 1891 (Ocellated moray)
Gymnothorax serratidens (Hildebrand & F. O. Barton, 1949)
Gymnothorax shaoi H. M. Chen & K. H. Loh, 2007
Gymnothorax sokotrensis Kotthaus, 1968
Gymnothorax steindachneri D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1903 (Steindachner's moray)
Gymnothorax taiwanensis H. M. Chen, K. H. Loh & K. T. Shao, 2008 (Taiwanese moray)
Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis Kodeeswaran, Kantharajan, Mohapatra, Kumar & Sarkar 2023
Gymnothorax thyrsoideus (J. Richardson, 1845) (Grey-face moray)
Gymnothorax tile (F. Hamilton, 1822) (Indian mud moray)
Gymnothorax undulatus (Lacépède, 1803) (Undulated moray)
Gymnothorax unicolor (Delaroche, 1809) (Brown moray)
Gymnothorax vagrans (Seale, 1917)
Gymnothorax verrilli (D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1883) (White-edged moray)
Gymnothorax vicinus (Castelnau, 1855) (Purple-mouth moray)
Gymnothorax visakhaensis Mohapatra, Smith, Mohanty, Mishra & Tudu, 2017[b]
Gymnothorax walvisensis Prokofiev, 2009
Gymnothorax woodwardi McCulloch, 1912
Gymnothorax ypsilon Hatooka & J. E. Randall, 1992 (Y-bar moray)
Gymnothorax zonipectis Seale, 1906 (Barred-fin moray)

Notes

G. indicus, G. mishrai, and G. odishi are listed in FishBase, but not in WoRMS.

G. microspila, G. sagenodeta, and G. visakhaensis are listed in WoRMS, but not in FishBase.

References

Jordan, David Starr (1926). "Opinion 93: Twelve generic names of fishes placed in the official list, by suspension of the rules". Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 73 (4): 5–11.
Smith, D.G. (2012). "A checklist of the moray eels of the world (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Muraenidae)". Zootaxa (3474): 1–64.
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2016). Species of Gymnothorax in FishBase. June 2016 version.
"Gymnothorax Bloch, 1795". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
Mohapatra, Anil; Kiruba-Sankar, R.; Praveenraj, J.; Mohanty, Swarup Ranjan (27 August 2019). "A new short brown unpatterned moray eel Gymnothorax andamanensis (Muraenidae: Muraeninae) from Andaman waters, India". Zootaxa. 4661 (1): 189–196. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4661.1.11. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 31716725. S2CID 202849896.
Nashad, M.; Mohapatra, Anil; Varghese, Sijo P.; Ramalingam, L.; K, Bineesh K.; Mohanty, Swarup Ranjan (10 November 2020). "A new white-spotted moray eel, Gymnothorax aurocephalus sp. nov. (Muraenidae: Muraeninae) from Andaman Sea, India". Zootaxa. 4877 (2): 361–372. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4877.2.8. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 33311194. S2CID 228863906.
Sithole, Yonela; Smith, David G.; Mwale, Monica; Gouws, Gavin (2020). "A Taxonomic Revision of Gymnothorax undulatus (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) in the Western Indian Ocean, with Description of A New Species". Zootaxa. 4767 (1): 161–181. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4767.1.7. S2CID 218992195.
Prokofiev, A.M. (2010): Two New Species of Fishes from Families Muraenidae (Anguilliformes) and Mugiloididae (Perciformes) from the Waters of Vietnam. Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine Journal of Ichthyology, 50 (8): 580-589.
Mohapatra, A., Ray, D., Smith, D.G. & Mishra, S.S. (2016): A new species of elongate unpatterned moray eel of the genus Gymnothorax (Muraenidae: Muraeninae) from the Bay of Bengal. Zootaxa, 4150 (5): 591–598.
Loh, K.-H., Shao, K.-T. & Chen, H.-M. (2011): Gymnothorax melanosomatus, a new moray eel (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from southeastern Taiwan. Zootaxa, 3134: 43–52.
Ray, D., Mohapatra, A. & Smith, D.G. (2015): A new species of Short Brown Unpatterned Moray Eel of the Genus Gymnothorax (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the Bay of Bengal. Zootaxa, 4027 (1): 140–144.
Mohapatra, A., S. R. Mohanty, D. G. Smith, S. S. Mishra and S. Roy 2018. Gymnothorax odishi sp. nov. (Muraenidae: Muraeninae), a short brown unpatterned moray eel from Bay of Bengal, India. Zootaxa 4420 (no. 1): 123-130.
Loh, K.-H., Shao, K.-T., Ho, H.-C., Lim, P.-E. & Chen, H.-M. (2015): A new species of moray eel (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from Taiwan, with comments on related elongate unpatterned species. Zootaxa, 4060 (1): 30-40.