Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Ovalentaria
Superordo: Cichlomorphae
Ordo: Cichliformes
Familia: Cichlidae
Subfamilia: Geophaginae
Genus: Gymnogeophagus
Species: G. australis – G. balzanii – G. caaguazuensis – G. che – G. constellatus – G. gymnogenys – G. labiatus – G. lacustris – G. lipokarenos – G. mekinos – G. meridionalis – G. missioneiro – G. peliochelynion – G. pseudolabiatus – G. rhabdotus – G. setequedas – G. terrapurpura – G. tiraparae
Name
Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro, 1918
Type species: Gymnogeophagus cyanopterus Miranda Ribeiro, 1918
References
González-Bergonzoni, I., Loureiro, M. & Oviedo, S. 2009. A new species of Gymnogeophagus from the río Negro and río Tacuarí basins, Uruguay (Teleostei: Perciformes). Neotropical Ichthyology 7(1): 19–24. Reference page.
Malabarba, L.R., Malabarba, M.C. & Reis, R.E. 2015. Descriptions of five new species of the Neotropical cichlid genus Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 (Teleostei: Cichliformes) from the rio Uruguay drainage. Neotropical Ichthyology 13(4): 637–662. DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20140188 Reference page.
Miranda Ribeiro, A. de 1918. Dous generos e tres especies novas de peixes Brasileiros determinados nas collecções do Museu Paulista. Revista do Museu Paulista 10: 787–791, 1 pl. BHL Reference page.
Links
Gymnogeophagus and its species (including synonyms) in Catalog of Fishes, Eschmeyer, W.N., Fricke, R. & van der Laan, R. (eds.) 2024. Catalog of Fishes electronic version.
Gymnogeophagus species list in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2024. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2024.
Gymnogeophagus is a genus of cichlid fishes from South America, where they are known from various river basins (notably Rio de la Plata and Lagoa dos Patos–Mirim) in southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and northern Argentina.[1] They are part of a group popularly known as eartheaters.
Species
There are currently 18 recognized extant species in this genus:[2]
Gymnogeophagus australis (C. H. Eigenmann, 1907) (Uruguayan eartheater)
Gymnogeophagus balzanii (Perugia, 1891) (Argentine eartheater)
Gymnogeophagus caaguazuensis Staeck, 2006
Gymnogeophagus che Casciotta, S. E. Gómez & Toresanni, 2000
Gymnogeophagus constellatus L. R. Malabarba, M. C. Malabarba & R. E. dos Reis, 2015[3]
Gymnogeophagus gymnogenys (R. F. Hensel, 1870) (Smooth-cheek eartheater)
Gymnogeophagus jaryi Alonso et al., 2019[4]
Gymnogeophagus labiatus (R. F. Hensel, 1870) (Earth eater)
Gymnogeophagus lacustris R. E. dos Reis & L. R. Malabarba, 1988
Gymnogeophagus lipokarenos L. R. Malabarba, M. C. Malabarba & R. E. dos Reis, 2015[3]
Gymnogeophagus mekinos L. R. Malabarba, M. C. Malabarba & R. E. dos Reis, 2015[3]
Gymnogeophagus meridionalis R. E. dos Reis & L. R. Malabarba, 1988
Gymnogeophagus missioneiro L. R. Malabarba, M. C. Malabarba & R. E. dos Reis, 2015[3]
Gymnogeophagus pseudolabiatus L. R. Malabarba, M. C. Malabarba & R. E. dos Reis, 2015[3]
Gymnogeophagus rhabdotus (R. F. Hensel, 1870) (Stripe-fin eartheater)
Gymnogeophagus setequedas R. E. dos Reis, L. R. Malabarba & Pavanelli, 1992
Gymnogeophagus terrapurpura Loureiro, Zarucki, L. R. Malabarba & González-Bergonzoni, 2016[5]
Gymnogeophagus tiraparae González-Bergonzoni, Loureiro & Oviedo, 2009[6]
An extinct species Gymnogeophagus eocenicus lived during the Early Eocene of Argentina, around 48.6 million years ago, representing one of the oldest known cichlids.[7]
References
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2016). Species of Gymnogeophagus in FishBase. January 2016 version.
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2018). Species of Gymnogeophagus in FishBase. February 2018 version.
Malabarba, L.R.; Malabarba, M.C.; Reis, R.E. (2015). "Descriptions of five new species of the Neotropical cichlid genus Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 (Teleostei: Cichliformes) from the rio Uruguay drainage" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology. 13 (4): 637–662. doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20140188.
Alonso, F., G.E. Terán, G. Aguilera, O. Říčan, J. Casciotta, W.S. Serra, A. Almirón, M.F. Benítez, I. García and J.M. Mirande (2019). Description of A New Species of the Neotropical Cichlid Genus Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 (Teleostei: Cichliformes) from the Middle Paraná Basin, Misiones, Argentina. PLoS ONE. 14(2): e0210166. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210166
Loureiro, M., Zarucki, M., Malabarba, L.R. & González-Bergonzoni, I. (2016): A new species of Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro from Uruguay (Teleostei: Cichliformes). Neotropical Ichthyology, 14 (1): e150082.
González-Bergonzoni, I.; Loureiro, M.; Oviedo, S. (2009). "A new species of Gymnogeophagus from the río Negro and río Tacuarí basins, Uruguay (Teleostei: Perciformes)". Neotropical Ichthyology. 7 (1): 19–24. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252009000100003. S2CID 84108097.
Malabarba, Maria C.; Malabarba, Luiz R.; López-Fernández, Hernán (2014). "On the Eocene cichlids from the Lumbrera Formation: additions and implications for the Neotropical ichthyofauna". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1): 49–58. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.830021.
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