Gadus macrocephalus

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Paracanthopterygii
Series: Zeiogadaria
Subseries: Gadariae
Ordo: Gadiformes

Familia: Gadidae
Subfamilia: Gadinae
Genus: Gadus
Species: Gadus macrocephalus
Subspecies: G. m. macrocephalus – G. m. ogac
Name

Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius, 1810

No types known

Type locality: Kamchatka, Russia. No types known

Etymology: .
Synonyms

Gadus auratus Cope, 1873
Gadus brandtii Hilgendorf, 1875
Gadus pygmaeus Pallas, 1814

References

Stroganov, A.N. 2015. Genus Gadus (Gadidae): Composition, Distribution, and Evolution of Forms. Journal of Ichthyology 55(3): 319–336. DOI: 10.1134/S0032945215030145 Reference page.
Tilesius, W.G. von 1810. Piscium Camtschaticorum "Terpuck" et "Wachnja." Descriptiones et icones. Mémoires de l'Académie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg. Avec l'Histoire de l'Académie 2: 335–372, Pl. 15. BHL Reference page.

Links

Gadus macrocephalus – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).

Vernacular names
English: Pacific kod
eesti: Vaikse ookeani tursk
日本語: マダラ
polski: dorsz pacyficzny
русский: Тихоокеанская треска
Türkçe: Pasifik morinası

The Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Gadidae. It is a bottom-dwelling fish found in the northern Pacific Ocean, mainly on the continental shelf and upper slopes, to depths of about 900 m (3,000 ft). It can grow to a length of a meter or so and is found in large schools. It is an important commercial food species and is also known as gray cod or grey cod, and grayfish or greyfish. Fishing for this species is regulated with quotas being allotted for hook and line fishing, pots, and bottom trawls. Fossils have been found in Canada near a Steller Sea lion fossil dating to the Pleistocene.
Description

It has three separate dorsal fins, and the catfish-like whiskers on its lower jaw. In appearance, it is similar to the Atlantic cod. A bottom dweller, it is found mainly along the continental shelf and upper slopes with a range around the rim of the North Pacific Ocean, from the Yellow Sea to the Bering Strait, along the Aleutian Islands, and south to about Los Angeles, down to depths of 900 m (3,000 ft; 500 fathoms). It may grow up to 1 m (40 in) in length and weigh up to 15 kg (33 lb). It is found in huge schools.[3]

Molecular genetic analyses strongly suggest that Pacific cod and Greenland cod (Gadus ogac) from Greenland–Arctic Ocean are the same species and that G. ogac should be a junior synonym of G. macrocephalus.[4] Today, ITIS and the Catalogue of Life list Gadus ogac as synonym of G. macrocephalus.[5]
Fisheries
Global capture of Pacific cod in tonnes reported by the FAO, 1950–2010[3]

In the Northeast Pacific catches of Pacific cod by the United States trawl fishery and joint-venture fisheries increased from less than 1,000 tonnes in 1979 to nearly 91,000 tonnes in 1984 and reached 430,196 tonnes in 1995. Today, catches are tightly regulated and the Pacific cod quota is split among fisheries that use hook and line gear, pots, and bottom trawls.
Conservation status

The Salish Sea population of Pacific cod is a U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service Species of Concern, one of those species about which the U.S. government's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has some concerns regarding status and threats, but for which insufficient information is available to indicate a need to list the species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA).[6] Pacific cod larva
Pacific cod larva
Young Pacific cod
Young Pacific cod
Adult Pacific cod caught on jigging gear

See also

Cod

Notes

Harington, C.R (2004). "A Late Pleistocene Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) from Courtenay, British Columbia: its death, associated biota, and paleoenvironment". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 41 (11): 1285–1297. Bibcode:2004CaJES..41.1285H. doi:10.1139/e04-061.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2018). "Gadus macrocephalus" in FishBase. February 2018 version.
Gadus macrocephalus (Tilesius, 1810) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2012.
Carr, S. M.; Kivlichan, D. S.; Pepin, P.; Crutcher, D. C. (1999). "Molecular systematics of gadid fishes: Implications for the biogeographic origins of Pacific species". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 77: 19–26. doi:10.1139/z98-194.
Catalogue of Life: Gadus macrocephalus.

Species of Concern NOAA

References

"Gadus macrocephalus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 19 March 2006.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2005). "Gadus macrocephalus" in FishBase. November 2005 version.