Esociformes

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors/Superordo: Protacanthopterygii
Ordo: Esociformes
Familiae: †Palaeoesocidae - Esocidae - Umbridae
References

Joseph S. Nelson: Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, 2006. ISBN 0-471-25031-7
Esociformes in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2024. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2024.

Vernacular names
Deutsch: Hechtartige
eesti: Haugilised
magyar: Csukaalakúak
日本語: カワカマス目
Nederlands: Snoekachtigen
polski: szczupakokształtne
русский: Щукообразные

The Esociformes (/ˈiːsɒsɪfɔːrmiːz/) is a small order of freshwater ray-finned fish, with two families, Umbridae and Esocidae.[1] The pikes of genus Esox give the order its name.

This order is closely related to the Salmoniformes, the two comprising the superorder Protacanthopterygii, and are often included in their order. The esociform fishes first appeared in the mid-Cretaceous — early products of the Euteleostei radiation of that time. They diverged from their sister group Salmoniformes about 110 million years ago, with the extant species having evolved from a common ancestor that lived about 90 million years ago.[2] Today, they are found in weed-choked freshwater habitats in North America and northern Eurasia.
Esocidae

The three extant esocid genera (Esox, Novumbra, and Dallia) together comprise a holarctic distribution. Two additional genera have been described from fossils dating to the Cretaceous of North America.[3]
Umbridae

Umbra remains the only extant genus in this family, and can be found in eastern North America and Europe. Three additional genera have been described from fossils dating from the Paleocene of Europe; however, genetic studies on the extant species of Umbra have recovered a split between the North American and European species dating to the Late Cretaceous and earliest half of the Paleogene.[4]
Relationships

While the family Esocidae traditionally only contained the genus Esox, recent genetic and paleontological research have recovered Novumbra and Dallia as members of the family Esocidae, being closer related to Esox than Umbra. Umbra is the only remaining extant species in Umbridae.[4] Various fossils have been described as members of Esociformes and are placed on the following tree accordingly.

References

Robison, Henry W.; Buchanan, Thomas M. (11 March 2020). Fishes of Arkansas. University of Arkansas Press. ISBN 978-1-68226-103-3.
Pan, Qiaowei; Feron, Romain; Jouanno, Elodie; Darras, Hugo; Herpin, Amaury; Koop, Ben; Rondeau, Eric; Goetz, Frederick W.; Larson, Wesley A.; Bernatchez, Louis; Tringali, Mike; Curran, Stephen S.; Saillant, Eric; Denys, Gael Pj; von Hippel, Frank A. (2021). "The rise and fall of the ancient northern pike master sex-determining gene". eLife. 10: e62858. doi:10.7554/eLife.62858. PMC 7870143. PMID 33506762.
Wilson, M.; Brinkman, D.; Neuman, A. (1992). "Cretaceous Esocoidei (Teleostei): early radiation of the pikes in North American fresh waters". Journal of Paleontology. 66 (5): 839–846. Bibcode:1992JPal...66..839W. doi:10.1017/S0022336000020849. S2CID 132270276.

Marić, Saša; Stanković, David; Wanzenböck, Josef; Šanda, Radek; Erős, Tibor; Takács, Péter; Specziár, András; Sekulić, Nenad; Bănăduc, Doru; Ćaleta, Marko; Trombitsky, Ilya (May 2017). "Phylogeography and population genetics of the European mudminnow (Umbra krameri) with a time-calibrated phylogeny for the family Umbridae". Hydrobiologia. 792 (1): 151–168. doi:10.1007/s10750-016-3051-9. ISSN 0018-8158. S2CID 254550945.

Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Order Esociformes". FishBase. October 2004 version.

Fish Images

Biology Encyclopedia

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/"
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License

Home - Hellenica World