Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Otomorpha
Subcohors: Ostariophysi
Sectio: Otophysa
Ordo: Gymnotiformes
Familia: Sternopygidae
Genus: Eigenmannia
Species: E. antonioi – E. besouro – E. correntes – E. desantanai – E. guairaca – E. humboldtii – E. limbata – E. loretana – E. macrops – E. matintapereira – E. microstoma – E. muirapinima – E. nigra – E. oradens – E. pavulagem – E. trilineata – E. vicentespelaea – E. virescens – E. waiwai
Name
Eigenmannia Jordan & Evermann, 1896
Type species: Sternopygus humboldtii Steindachner, 1878
References
Campos-da-Paz, R. & Queiroz, I.R. 2017. A new species of Eigenmannia Jordan and Evermann (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from the upper rio Paraguai basin. Zootaxa 4216(1): 73–84. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4216.1.5. Reference page.
Dutra, G.M., Peixoto, L.A.W., de Santana, C.D. & Wosiacki, W.B. 2018. A new species of Eigenmannia Jordan & Evermann (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from Río Ventuari, Venezuela. Zootaxa 4422(1): 132–140. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.1.8 Paywall Reference page.
Jordan, D.S. & Evermann, B.W. 1896. The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part I. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 47(1): i–lx + 1–1240. BHL Reference page.
Mago Leccia, Francisco. 1970: “Lista de los peces de Venezuela incluyendo un estudio preliminar de la ictiogeografía del país”. Ministerio de Agricultura y Cría. Caracas – Venezuela 285p.
Mago Leccia, Francisco. 1976: “Los peces Gymnotiformes de Venezuela: un estudio preliminar para la revisión del grupo en la América del Sur”. Universidad Central de Venezuela. Tesis Doctoral. Caracas – Venezuela 376p.
Mago Leccia, Francisco. 1978: “Los peces de agua dulce de Venezuela”. Cuadernos Lagoven. Lagoven, S. A. Caracas – Venezuela. 36p.
Mago Leccia, Francisco. 1978: “Los peces de la Familia Sternopygidae de Venezuela”. Acta Científica Venezolana. 29 (supl.1):1-91.
Machado Allison, Antonio. 1987: “Los peces de los ríos Caris y Pao estado Anzoátegui. Clave Ilustrada para su identificación”. Ediciones Corpoven, S.A. Caracas. 68p. ISBN 980-259-114-9
Román, Benigno. 1992: “Peces ornamentales de Venezuela”. Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales. Caracas. 223p. ISBN 84-604-4401-5
Machado Allison, Antonio. 1993: “Los peces de los llanos de Venezuela: un ensayo sobre su historia natural”. Universidad Central de Venezuela. Caracas. 146p. ISBN 980-00-0120-4
Royero, Ramiro. 1993: “Peces ornamentales de Venezuela”. Cuadernos Lagoven. Lagoven S.A. Caracas. 106p. ISBN 980-259-562-4
Mago Leccia, Francisco. 1994: “Electric Fishes of the continental waters of América”. Biblioteca de la Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales. XXIX:1-229p.
Waltz, B.T. & Albert, J.S. 2018. New species of glass knifefish Eigenmannia loretana (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from the Western Amazon. Zootaxa 4399(3): 399–411. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4399.3.9 Reference page.
Links
Eigenmannia and its species (including synonyms) in Catalog of Fishes, Eschmeyer, W.N., Fricke, R. & van der Laan, R. (eds.) 2024. Catalog of Fishes electronic version.
Eigenmannia species list in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2024. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2024.
Eigenmannia – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Vernacular names
português: Peixe-espada-da-lagoa, Tuvira-amarela
Eigenmannia is a genus of fish in the family Sternopygidae (glass knifefishes) native to tropical and subtropical South America (south to the Río de la Plata Basin), and Panama.[1][2] They are typically found in slow-flowing streams, along the edge of large rivers, in deep river channels and in floodplains, and the genus also includes E. vicentespelaea, the only cave-adapted knifefish.[2][3] Eigenmannia are often found near submerged roots, aquatic plants and floating meadows.[3][4]
Depending on the exact species, they have a maximum total length of 14.3–49.6 cm (6–20 in).[1] They are nocturnal, and feed on small invertebrates such as aquatic insect larvae and zooplanktonic crustaceans.[3]
Species
These are the currently recognized species in this genus:[1][5]
Eigenmannia antonioi L. A. W. Peixoto, Dutra & Wosiacki, 2015[2]
Eigenmannia besouro L. A. W. Peixoto & Wosiacki, 2016[6]
Eigenmannia bumba Dutra, Ramos & Menezes, 2022[7]
Eigenmannia cacuria Dutra, Ramos & Menezes, 2022[7]
Eigenmannia correntes Campos-da-Paz & Queiroz, 2017[8]
Eigenmannia desantanai L. A. W. Peixoto, Dutra & Wosiacki, 2015[2]
Eigenmannia dutrai L. A. W. Peixoto, M. N. L. PASTANA, & Ballen, 2020[9]
Eigenmannia goajira L. P. Schultz, 1949[10]
Eigenmannia guairaca L. A. W. Peixoto, Dutra & Wosiacki, 2015[2]
Eigenmannia humboldtii (Steindachner, 1878)
Eigenmannia limbata (Schreiner & A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903)
Eigenmannia loretana Waltz & Albert, 2018[11]
Eigenmannia macrops (Boulenger, 1897)
Eigenmannia matintapereira L. A. W. Peixoto, Dutra & Wosiacki, 2015[2]
Eigenmannia meeki Dutra, de Santana & Wosiacki, 2017[12]
Eigenmannia microstoma (J. T. Reinhardt, 1852)
Eigenmannia muirapinima L. A. W. Peixoto, Dutra & Wosiacki, 2015[2]
Eigenmannia nigra Mago-Leccia, 1994
Eigenmannia oradens Dutra, L. A. W. Peixoto, de Santana & Wosiacki, 2018[13]
Eigenmannia pavulagem L. A. W. Peixoto, Dutra & Wosiacki, 2015[2]
Eigenmannia robsoni Dutra, Ramos & Menezes, 2022[7]
Eigenmannia sayona L. A. W. Peixoto & Waltz, 2017[14]
Eigenmannia sirius L. A. W. Peixoto & Waltz, 2019[15]
Eigenmannia trilineata R. B. López & Castello, 1966
Eigenmannia vicentespelaea Triques, 1996
Eigenmannia virescens (Valenciennes, 1836)
Eigenmannia waiwai L. A. W. Peixoto, Dutra & Wosiacki, 2015[2]
References
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2019). Species of Eigenmannia in FishBase. August 2019 version.
Peixoto, L.A.W., Dutra, G.M. & Wosiacki, W.B. (2015). The Electric Glass Knifefishes of the Eigenmannia trilineata species-group (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae): monophyly and description of seven new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175 (2): 384–414.
van der Sleen, P.; J.S. Albert, eds. (2017). Field Guide to the Fishes of the Amazon, Orinoco, and Guianas. Princeton University Press. pp. 343–344. ISBN 978-0691170749.
Carvalho, L.N.; L. Fidelis; R. Arruda; A. Galuch; K. Zuanon (2013). "Second floor, please: the fish fauna of floating litter banks in Amazonian streams and rivers". Neotrop. Ichthyol. 11 (1): 78–91. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252013000100010.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Eigenmannia". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 31 August 2019.
Peixoto, L.A.W. & Wosiacki, W.B. (2016): Eigenmannia besouro, a new species of the Eigenmannia trilineata species-group (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from the rio São Francisco basin, northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 4126 (2): 262–270.
Dutra, Guilherme Moreira; Ramos, Telton Pedro Anselmo; Menezes, Naércio Aquino (2022). "Description of three new species of Eigenmannia (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from the rio Mearim and rio Parnaíba basins, Northeastern Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology. 20 (1): e210117. doi:10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0117.
Campos-Da-Paz, R. & Queiroz, I.R. (2017): A new species of Eigenmannia Jordan and Evermann (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from the upper rio Paraguai basin. Zootaxa, 4216 (1): 73-84.
Peixoto, L. A. W., Pastana, M. N. L., & Ballen, G. A. (2020). New species of glass knifefish genus Eigenmannia (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) with comments on the morphology and function of the enlarged cephalic lateral‐line canals of Sternopygidae. Journal of Fish Biology. doi:10.1111/jfb.14564
Dutra, G.M., Santana, C.D.d., Vari, R.P. & Wosiacki, W.B. (2014): The South American Electric Glass Knifefish Genus Distocyclus (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae): Redefinition and Revision. Copeia, 2014 (2): 345-354.
Waltz, B.T. & Albert, J.T. (2018): New Species of Glass Knifefish Eigenmannia loretana (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from the Western Amazon Zootaxa 4399(3): 399–411. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4399.3.9
Dutra, G.M.; C.D. de Santana; W.B. Wosiacki (2017). "A new species of the glass electric knifefish genus Eigenmannia Jordan and Evermann (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from Río Tuíra basin, Panama". Copeia. 105 (1): 85–91. doi:10.1643/CI-16-439. S2CID 90571735.
Dutra, G.M.; L.A.W. Peixoto; C.D. de Santana; W.B. Wosiacki (2018). "A new species of Eigenmannia Jordan & Evermann (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from Río Ventuari, Venezuela". Zootaxa. 4422 (1): 132–140. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4422.1.8. PMID 30313516.
Peixoto, Luiz A. W.; Waltz, Brandon T. (2017). "A new species of the Eigenmannia trilineata (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) species group from the río Orinoco basin, Venezuela". Neotropical Ichthyology. 15 (1): e150199. doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20150199.
Peixoto, L.A.W.; W.M. Ohara (2019). "A new species of Eigenmannia Jordan & Evermann (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from Rio Tapajós, Brazil, with discussion on its species group and the myology within Eigenmanniinae". PLOS ONE. 14 (8): e0220287. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1420287P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0220287. PMC 6693845. PMID 31412067.
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