Diplodus annularis

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Spariformes

Familia: Sparidae
Genus: Diplodus
Species: Diplodus annularis
Name

Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Original combination: Sparus annularis

References

Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiæ: impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. i–ii, 1–824 pp DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542: 278. Open access Reference page.
Diplodus annularis in the World Register of Marine Species

Vernacular names
català: Esparrall
corsu: Spirlettu
Deutsch: Ringelbrasse
Ελληνικά: Σπάρος
español: Raspallón, esparrallón
euskara: Muxar buztanbeltz
français: Sparaillon
hrvatski: Špar
italiano: Sparaglione, sarago sparaglione
ქართული: ზღვის კარასი
Nederlands: Diplodus annularis
polski: Prażma
português: Sargo-alcorraz
srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски: Špar
slovenščina: Špar
Türkçe: İsparoz, İspari
українська: Ласкир
中文: 尾斑重牙鯛

Diplodus annularis, the annular seabream is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the family which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean.
Taxonomy

Diplodus annularis was first formally descrined as Sparus annularis in 1758 in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae by Carl Linnaeus with its type locality given as the Adriatic Sea.[3] In 1810, Constantine Samuel Rafinesque placed S. annularis in the monospecific genus Diplodus, and so this species is the type species of that genus by monotypy.[4] The genus Diplodus is placed in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World.[5] Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Sparinae,[6] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae.[5]
Etymology

Diplodus annularis has the specific name annularis, meaning "ring-shaped", a reference to ring shaped marking around the caudal peduncle.[7]
Description

Diplodus annularis has a deep, compressed body with an elongated ovate shape.[8] Its dorsal fin is supported by 11 spines and between 11 and 13 soft rays while there are 3 spines and 11 or 12 soft rays supporting the anal fin.[2] There are 8 incisor-like teeth in the front of each jaw with 1 to 3 rows of molar-like teeth just behind the incisors. The overall colour is silvery grey with a yellowish tint with an almost complete dark ring around the caudal peduncle just behind the dorsal and anal fins. The pelvic fins are yellowish and the other fins are pale. The juvenile shave dark bars and the ring on the caudal peduncle is complete.[9] The annular seabream has a maximum published total length of 28 cm (11 in), although 13 cm (5.1 in) is more typical, and a maximum published weight of 330 g (12 oz).[2]
Distribution and habitat

Diplodus annularis is widespread in the Mediterranean Sea, in the Black and Azov Seas and in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean from the Bay of Biscay south to the Straits of Gibraltar, including Madeira and the Canary Islands.[1] It occurs at depths between 0 and 90 m (0 and 295 ft)[2] over rocky, sandy bottoms and seagrass beds.[9]
Biology

Diplodus annularis, like other Sparids, is mainly predatory and a study in the Gulf of Gabes in Tunisia found that their diet was dominated by molluscs and other bony fishes, with crustaceans and plant material also being important.[10] This species is an intermediate host of the fluke Cardiocephaloides longicollis which has gulls as its terminal host with snails as the primary host. Fishing discards which are fed on by gulls has increased the rate of infection of annular breams off Valencia in eastern Spain.[11] In the Gulf of Gabes, the spawning period runs from March to June, peaking in May.[12] In the Canary Islands the spawning season is slightly earlier than in Tunisia. This species is mainly a rudimentary hermaphrodite with fish becoming sexually mature as either males or females but in some populations, they can be protandrous hermaphrodites.[13][8]
Fisheries

Diplodus annularis is a target species for commercial fisheries and, in Sicily and the Adriatic, the fishery is semi-industrial while in others it is caught in artisanal fisheries. It is also targeted by recreational anglers. It is caught using trawl nets, beach seines, hand lines, bottom long lines and with gill and trammel nets. It is readily found in fish markets in the Mediterranean, for example it is easily available in Israel, but very infrequently sold in Morocco. The fish landed are sold fresh or as fish preserved by freezing and drying and salting. It is not highly valued as a food fish. Landed fish also go to make fishmeal and oil. There is an important fishery for this species in the Gulf of Gabes.[1]
References

Russell, B.; Carpenter, K.E. & Pollard, D. (2014). "Diplodus annularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T170260A1303905. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170260A1303905.en. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2023). "Diplodus annularis" in FishBase. October 2023 version.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Diplodus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Sparidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
Parenti, P. (2019). "An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae". FishTaxa. 4 (2): 47–98.
"Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. 22 December 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
Kent E. Carpenter (2016). "Sparidae". In Carpenter, K.E. and De Angelis, N. (eds.). The living marine resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic Volume 2 Bony fishes part 2 (Perciformes to Tetradontiformes) and Sea turtles (PDF). FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. Rome: FAO. pp. 2567–2620. ISBN 978-92-5-109267-5.
J-C Hureau. "Diplodus annularis". Fishes of the Northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
Chaouch, Houda; Ben Abdallah, Olfa; Mohamed, Ghorbel; and Jarboui, Othman (2014). "Feeding habits of the annular seabream, Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pisces: Sparidae), in the Gulf of Gabes (Central Mediterranean)". Cahiers de Biologie Marine. 55: 13–19.
Osset EA; Fernández M; Raga JA; Kostadinova A (2005). "Mediterranean Diplodus annularis (Teleostei: Sparidae) and its brain parasite: unforeseen outcome". Parasitology International. 54 (3): 201–206. doi:10.1016/j.parint.2005.05.002.
H. Chaouch; O. Hamida-Ben Abdallah; M. Ghorbel; O. Jarboui (2013). "Reproductive biology of the annular seabream, Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758), in the Gulf of Gabes (Central Mediterranean)". Journal of Applied Ichthyology. 29 (4): 796–800. doi:10.1111/jai.12162.
J. G. Pajuelo and J. M. Lorenzo (2001). "Biology of the annular seabream, Diplodus annularis (Sparidae), in coastal waters of the Canary Islands" (PDF). Journal of Applied Ichthyology. 17: 121–125.