Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Otomorpha
Subcohors: Ostariophysi
Sectio: Otophysa
Ordo: Cypriniformes
Superfamilia: Cyprinoidea
Familia: Cyprinidae
Subfamilia: Leuciscinae
Genus: Chondrostoma
Species: C. angorense – C. beysehirense – C. ceyhanensis – C. colchicum – C. cyri – C. esmaeilii – C. fahirae – C. holmwoodii – C. kinzelbachi – C. knerii – C. kubanicum – C. meandrense – C. nasus – C. orientale – C. oxyrhynchum – C. phoxinus – C. prespense – C. regium – C. scodrense – C. smyrnae – C. soetta – C. toros – C. vardarense – C. variabile
Name
Chondrostoma Agassiz, 1832
Type species: Cyprinus nasus Linnaeus, 1758
Etymology: From chondros (= cartilage), and stomus (= mouth), referring to presumed content of horny layer on lower lip.
Synonyms
Chondrochilus Heckel, 1843
Chondrorhynchus Heckel, 1843
Machaerochilus Fitzinger, 1873
Nasus Basilewsky, 1855
References
Primary references
Agassiz, L. 1832. Untersuchungen über die fossilen Süsswasser-Fische der tertiären Formationen. Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde 3: 129–138. PDF. Reference page.
Additional references
Küçük, F., Çiftçi, Y., Güçlü, S.S., Turan, D. 2021. Chondrostoma smyrnae, a new nase from the Tahtalı reservoir drainage in the Aegean Sea basin (Teleostei, Leuciscidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution. 97(1): 235-248. DOI: 10.3897/zse.97.63691 Open access Reference page.
Links
Chondrostoma and its species (including synonyms) in Catalog of Fishes, Eschmeyer, W.N., Fricke, R. & van der Laan, R. (eds.) 2021. Catalog of Fishes electronic version.
Chondrostoma species list in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2021. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2021.
Chondrostoma FishBase
Chondrostoma (from the Ancient Greek roots χόνδρος (khondros, “lump”) + στόμα (stoma, “mouth”) = “lump-mouth”) is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are commonly known as nases, though this term is also used locally to denote particular species, most frequently the common nase (C. nasus). The common name refers to the protruding upper jaw of these fishes; it is derived from the German term Nase, meaning "nose."
Several species have a very restricted range. Some of these endemics are very rare nowadays, and at least one species is globally extinct.
Systematics
In 2007 it was determined that the presumed monophyletic group consisted of six at least partly independent lineages of Leuciscinae, meaning that the rasping feeding apparatus evolved more than once. It was proposed to split the genus in six in consequence: Achondrostoma, Chondrostoma, Iberochondrostoma, Pseudochondrostoma, Protochondrostoma and Parachondrostoma. But at least Achondrostoma and Iberochondrostoma may not be separable.[1]
Species
There are currently 24 recognized species in this genus:[2][3]
Chondrostoma angorense Elvira, 1987 (Ankara nase)
Chondrostoma beysehirense Bogutskaya, 1997 (Beysehir nase)
Chondrostoma ceyhanensis Küçük, Turan, Güçlü, Mutlu & Çiftci, 2017
Chondrostoma colchicum Derjugin, 1899 (Colchic nase)
Chondrostoma cyri Kessler, 1877 (Kura nase)
Chondrostoma esmaeilii Eagderi, Jouladeh-Roudbar, Birecikligil, Çiçek & Coad, 2017
Chondrostoma fahirae (Ladiges, 1960) (Tefenni nase)
Chondrostoma holmwoodii (Boulenger, 1896) (Izmir nase)
Chondrostoma kinzelbachi Krupp, 1985 (Orentes nase)
Chondrostoma knerii Heckel, 1843 (Dalmatian nase)
Chondrostoma kubanicum L. S. Berg, 1914 (Kuban's nase)
Chondrostoma meandrense Elvira, 1987 (Menderes nase)
Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Common nase, sneep)
Chondrostoma orientale Bianco & Bănărescu, 1982
Chondrostoma oxyrhynchum Kessler, 1877 (Terek nase)
Chondrostoma phoxinus Heckel, 1843 (Minnow nase)
Chondrostoma prespense S. L. Karaman, 1924 (Prespa nase)
Chondrostoma regium (Heckel, 1843) (Mesopotamian nase)
†Chondrostoma scodrense Elvira, 1987
Chondrostoma smyrnae Küçük, Çiftçi, Güçlü & Turan, 2021
Chondrostoma soetta Bonaparte, 1840 (Italian nase)
Chondrostoma toros Küçük, Turan, Güçlü, Mutlu & Çiftci, 2017
Chondrostoma vardarense S. L. Karaman, 1928 (Vardar nase)
Chondrostoma variabile Yakovlev, 1870 (Volga undermouth)
Footnotes
Gante et al. (2007), Robalo et al. (2008)
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2012). Species of Chondrostoma in FishBase. December 2012 version.
Küçük, Fahrettin; Çiftçi, Yılmaz; Güçlü, Salim Serkan; Turan, Davut (2021-07-04). "Chondrostoma smyrnae, a new nase from the Tahtalı reservoir drainage in the Aegean Sea basin (Teleostei, Leuciscidae)". Zoosystematics and Evolution. 97 (1): 235–248. doi:10.3897/zse.97.63691. ISSN 1860-0743.
References
Chondrostoma FishBase
Gante, Hugo F.; Santos, Carlos D. & Alves, Maria Judite (2007): A new species of Chondrostoma Agassiz, 1832 (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) with sexual dimorphism from the lower Rio Tejo Basin. Zootaxa 1616: 23–35. PDF abstract
Robalo, J.I; Doadrio, I.; Valente, A. & Almada, V.C. (2008): Insights on speciation patterns in the genus Iberochondrostoma (Cyprinidae): Evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear data.
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