Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Lophiiformes
Subordo: Ogcocephalioidei
Superfamilia: Ceratioidea
Familia: Oneirodidae
Genus: Chaenophryne
Species: C. draco – C. longiceps – C. melanorhabdus – C. ramifera
Name
Chaenophryne Regan, 1925
Gender: feminine
Type species: Chaenophryne longiceps Regan, 1925, by monotypy.
References
Regan, C. T. (1925) New ceratioid fishes from the N. Atlantic, the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Panama, collected by the Dana. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 9) v. 15 (no. 89): 561–567.
Links
Chaenophryne – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Chaenophryne is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep sea anglerfishes. These predatory, deep-sea fishes are found in the tropical and subtropical oceans around the world. Like other deep-sea anglerfishes they are sexually dimorphic with the matamorphosed females dwarfing the metamorphosed males, the males are not sexual parasites.
Taxonomy
Chaenophryne was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1925 by the British ichthyologist Charles Tate Regan when he described Chaenophryne longiceps,[1] giving its type locality as 7°30'N, 79°19'W, off the Gulf of Panama at a depth of 1,500 m (4,900 ft).[2] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies this genus in the family Oneirodidae in the suborder Ceratioidei of the anglerfish order Lophiiformes.[3]
Etymology
Chaenophryne is a combination of chaeno, which means “gape”, with phryne, meaning “toad”. What this name alludes to was not explained by Regan but the first part may refer to the wide mouth of C. longiceps. The second part is a suffix commonly used in the names of anglerfish genera. Its use for these fishes may date as far back as Aristotle and Cicero, who referred to anglerfishes as “fishing-frogs” and “sea-frogs,” respectively, possibly because of their resemblance to frogs and toads.[4]
Species
Chaenophryne has five recognized species classified within it:[5]
Chaenophryne draco Beebe, 1932 (Smooth-headed dreamer)
Chaenophryne longiceps Regan, 1925 (Can-opener smooth-headed dreamer)
Chaenophryne melanorhabdus Regan & Trewavas, 1932
Chaenophryne quasiramifera Pietsch, 2007
Chaenophryne ramifera Regan & Trewavas, 1932
Characteristics
Chaenophryne dreamers are, like other deep sea anglerfishes, sexually dimorphic and both the metamorphosed males and females are distinguished from other genera of Oneirodidae by the long and slender suboperculum which has a tapering point at its upper end and in having a slightly concave rear edge to the operculum. The metamrophosed females do not have any sphenotic spines, although there are blunt ridges on the parietal and post-temporal bones. The rear edge of the friontal bone is highly curved. They have pigmented skin which clearly extends past the pase of the base of the caudal fin. The have a pignented snout, the rear nostril is separate from the eye and there are 17-27 teeth on the lower denticular.[6] The largest species in the genus is C. longiceps with a maximum published standard length of 24.5 cm (9.6 in) while the smallest is C. ramifera with a maximum published standard length of 9.6 cm (3.8 in).[5]
Distribution and habitat
Chaenophryne dreamers are found in subtropical and tropical waters in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.[5] They are found in the bathypelagic zone at depths between 350 and 1,750 m (1,150 and 5,740 ft).[7]
Biology
Chaenophryne dreamers are predatory, feeding on fishes, cephalopods and crustaceans. The males are dwarfed com[pared to the females but are non-parasitic,[7]
References
Drawing of the Smooth-headed Dreamer, C. draco
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Oneirodidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Chaenophryne". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 508–518. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
Christopher Scharpf (3 June 2024). "Order LOPHIIFORMES (part 2): Families CAULOPHRYNIDAE, NEOCERATIIDAE, MELANOCETIDAE, HIMANTOLOPHIDAE, DICERATIIDAE, ONEIRODIDAE, THAUMATICHTHYIDAE, CENTROPHRYNIDAE, CERATIIDAE, GIGANTACTINIDAE and LINOPHRYNIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2024). Species of Chaenophryne in FishBase. February 2024 version.
E. Bertelsen and Theodore W. Pietsch (1983). "The Ceratioid Anglerfishes of Australia" (PDF). Records of the Australian Museum. 35: 77–93.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2024). "Chaenophryne draco" in FishBase. February 2024 version.
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