Cephalopholis miniata (Information about this image)
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Perciformes
Subordo: Percoidei
Superfamilia: Percoidea
Familia: Serranidae
Subfamilia: Epinephelinae
Genus: Cephalopholis
Species: Cephalopholis miniata
Name
Cephalopholis miniata (Forsskål, 1775)
Synonyms
Cephalopholis miniatus (Forsskål, 1775)
Perca miniata Forsskål, 1775
Perca miniata var. caeruleoguttata Forsskål, 1775
Perca miniata caeruleoocellata Forsskål, 1775
Perca miniata var. najdil Walbaum, 1792
Lutjanus miniatus Suckow, 1799
Pomacentrus burdiLacepède, 1802
Serranus cyanostigmatoides Bleeker, 1849
Cephalopholis maculatus Seale & Bean, 1907
Cephalopholis formosanus Tanaka, 1911
Cephalopholis boninius Jordan & Thompson, 1914
References
Forsskål, P. 1775: Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit. Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Hauniae. Descriptiones animalium quae in itinere ad Maris Australis terras per annos 1772 1773 et 1774 suscepto: 1–20 + i-xxxiv + 1-164, map.
Vernacular names
čeština: Kanic modroskvrnný
English: Coral Hind
日本語: ユカタハタ
Cephalopholis miniata, also known as the coral grouper, coral hind, coral rock cod, coral cod, coral trout, round-tailed trout or vermillion seabass is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is in the family Serranidae which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It is associated with coral reefs and occurs in the Indo-Pacific.
Description
Cephalopholis miniata has a body which is 2.6-3.0 times as long in standard length as it is deep. The dorsal profile of the head is flat to slightly convex between the eyes. It has a rounded, finely serrated preopercle, which has a fleshy lower edge. The maxilla extends beyond the rear of the eye. The membranes of the dorsal fin have distinct indentations between the spines. There are 47-56 scales in the lateral line.[3] The dorsal fin has 9 spines and 14-15 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 8-9 soft rays.[2] The colour of the body is orange-red to reddish brown with many small bright blue spots that cover the head, body and the dorsal, anal and caudal fins. They sometimes have diagonal paler bars on the flanks. The colour of the juveniles is orange to yellow with fewer widely separated faint blue spots.[4] They attain a maximum total length of 50 centimetres (20 in).[2]
Distribution
Cephalopholis miniata has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution from eastern coast of Africa where it occurs from the Red Sea to Durban in South Africa and east through the Indian Ocean and into the Pacific as far as the Line Islands. It occurs as far north as southern Japan and south to northern Australia. Its occurs in most islands of the Indian Ocean and the west-central Pacific but it has not been recorded from the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. There are also records from southwestern India and the Andaman Sea coasts of Thailand.[1] In Australia it is found from the Houtman Abrolhos in Western Australia to Wigram Island, Northern Territory and the northern Great Barrier Reef to Moreton Bay in Queensland, it is also found at Middleton Reef and Elizabeth Reef in the Coral Sea and Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea.[4]
Habitat and biology
Cephalopholis miniata is found in clear water where there are coastal and offshore coral reefs, it prefers exposed rather than protected areas.[4] It is often seen in caves and below ledges.[5] It is found at depths of 2 to 150 metres (6.6 to 492.1 ft).[6] Like other groupers this species is predatory; over 80% of its diet consists of small fish, predominantly sea goldies (Pseudanthias squamipinnis) which are ambushed by the coral hind in a sudden rush up from the substrate. The remainder of its diet consists of crustaceans.[3] They form harems consisting of a single male and up to 12 females. The male defends the harem's territory which is around 475 square metres (5,110 sq ft) in area, each female has a smaller territory which she defends against other females.[2] Coral hinds are protogynous hermaphrodite and they change sex from female to male.[4] The male patrols the territory and visits each female, swimming parallel to each other when they meet.[6]
Taxonomy
Cephalopholis miniata was first formally described as Perca miniata by the Swedish explorer, orientalist and naturalist Peter Forsskål (1732-1763) with the type locality given as Jeddah.[7]
Utilisation
Cephalopholis miniata is an important species in commercial fisheries at the local level[1] and is caught using hook and line, fish traps and spears. It is also a quarry species for recreational angling. It is a colourful species and is popular in public aquaria[6] and forms a minor part of the aquarium trade.[1]
References
Rocha, L.A. (2018). "Cephalopholis miniata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T132732A100455926. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T132732A100455926.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2006). "Cephalopholis miniata" in FishBase. December 2006 version.
Heemstra, P.C. & J.E. Randall (1993). FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date (PDF). FAO Fish. Synopsis. Vol. 125. FAO, Rome. pp. 49–50. ISBN 92-5-103125-8.
Dianne J. Bray. "Cephalopholis miniata". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
"Coral Cod, Cephalopholis miniata (Forsskal, 1775)". Australian Museum. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
Cathleen Bester. "Cephalopholis miniate". Discover Fish. Florida Museum. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Perca miniata". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
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