Catostomidae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Otomorpha
Subcohors: Ostariophysi
Sectio: Otophysa
Ordo: Cypriniformes
Superfamilia: Cobitoidea

Familia: Catostomidae
Subfamiliae: Catostominae - Cycleptinae - Ictiobinae - Myxocyprininae

Genera incertae sedis: †Amyzon

Name

Catostomidae Agassiz, 1855
References

Agassiz, L.; 1855: Art. XII. Synopsis of the ichthyological fauna of the Pacific slope of North America, chiefly from the collections made by the U. S. Expl. Exped. under the command of Captain C. Wilkes, with recent additions and comparisons with eastern types. American Journal of Science and Arts, (Series 2) 19 (55): 71–99. BHL
Chen, W.-J. & Mayden, R.L. 2012. Phylogeny of suckers (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Catostomidae): further evidence of relationships provided by the single-copy nuclear gene IRBP2. Zootaxa 3586: 195–210. Preview PDF Reference page.
Bagley, J.C., R.L. Mayden, & P.M. Harris. 2018. Phylogeny and divergence times of suckers (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae) inferred from Bayesian total-evidence analyses of molecules, morphology, and fossils. PeerJ 6:e5168; DOI 10.7717/peerj.5168.

Links

Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2006. FishBase, version (02/2006). [1]

The Catostomidae are the suckers of the order Cypriniformes, with about 78 species in this family of freshwater fishes. The Catostomidae are almost exclusively native to North America. The only exceptions are Catostomus catostomus, found in both North America and Russia, and Myxocyprinus asiaticus found only in China. In the Ozarks they are a common food fish and a festival is held each year to celebrate them.[1] The bigmouth buffalo, Ictiobus cyprinellus, can reach an age up to 127 years,[2] making it the oldest known freshwater teleost[3] by more than 50 years.
Description and biology

The mouths of these fish are most commonly located on the underside of their head (subterminal), with thick, fleshy lips. Most species are less than 60 cm (2.0 ft) in length, but the largest species (Ictiobus and Myxocyprinus) can surpass 100 cm (3.3 ft). They are distinguished from related fish by having a long pharyngeal bone in the throat, containing a single row of teeth.[4]

Catostomids are most often found in rivers, but can be found in any freshwater environment. Their food ranges from detritus and bottom-dwelling organisms (such as crustaceans and worms), to surface insects, crayfish, small terrestrial vertebrates, and other fish.

Fossil record

Catostomidae have been uncovered and dated to the Middle Eocene in Colorado and Utah. An enormous gap (36.2 million years) in the fossil record occurs from the Late Eocene to Early Pleistocene.[5]
As food
Northern hogsucker, Hypentelium nigricans

They can be taken by many fishing methods, including angling and gigging. Often, species such as Catostomus commersonii and Hypentelium nigricans are preferred for eating. They can be canned, smoked, or fried, but small incisions often must be made in the flesh (termed "scoring") before frying to allow small internal bones to be palatable.[6] Suckers were an important source of food for Indigenous Americans across the continent. Many fishing methods were employed with the most elaborate being stone fish traps constructed on spawning rivers, remnants of these traps can be seen today in Ahjumawi Lava Springs State Park where the Achomawi people trapped Sacramento suckers. In the west these relationships became even more important after the decline in salmon runs due to damming and habitat destruction, some groups of native people relied on seasonal sucker runs for a significant amount of their food until the 1950s.[7]

In China there is a significant aquaculture industry dedicated to raising Myxocyprinus asiaticus for food.[8] Historically they were an important component of wild fisheries on the Yangtze, but the wild populations are under pressure from pollution, habitat destruction and hydroelectric dam projects.[9]
Recreational fishing

Some Catostomidae, especially those of Ictiobus and Moxostoma, are the subject of major recreational fisheries while most are the subject of at least limited recreational fisheries. Throughout much of their range species are considered to be rough fish. Suckers have historically been scapegoated for human environmental destruction and their impacts on popular fish species such as Pacific salmon and smallmouth bass. This has led to their widespread and unnecessary destruction at the hands of ignorant anglers.[10]
Subfamilies, tribes, and genera
Smallfin redhorse, Moxostoma robustum
Smallmouth buffalo, Ictiobus bubalus
Amyzon aggregatum fossil specimen

Subfamily Catostominae
Tribe Catostomini
Genus Catostomus
Genus Chasmistes
Genus Deltistes
Genus Xyrauchen
Tribe Erimyzoninae
Genus Erimyzon
Genus Minytrema
Tribe Thoburniinae
Genus Hypentelium
Genus Thoburnia
Tribe Moxostomatini
Genus Moxostoma
Subfamily Cycleptinae
Genus Cycleptus
Subfamily Ictiobinae
Genus Carpiodes
Genus Ictiobus
Subfamily Myxocyprininae
Genus Myxocyprinus
other extinct genera
Genus †Amyzon[11]
Genus †Plesiomyxocyprinus[12][13]
Genus †Vasnetzovia
Genus †Wilsonium[14]

The fossil genus Jianghanichthys was previously placed in the Catastomidae, but is now placed in its own family, Jianghanichthyidae.[15]
References

"Nixa Sucker Day". Retrieved 23 June 2013.
Lackmann, Alec R.; Sereda, Jeff; Pollock, Mike; Bryshun, Reid; Chupik, Michelle; McCallum, Katlin; Villeneuve, James; Bielak-Lackmann, Ewelina S.; Clark, Mark E. (February 2023). "Bet-hedging bigmouth buffalo (Ictiobus cyprinellus) recruit episodically over a 127-year timeframe in Saskatchewan". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 80 (2): 313–329. doi:10.1139/cjfas-2022-0122. ISSN 0706-652X.
Lackmann, Alec R.; Andrews, Allen H.; Butler, Malcolm G.; Bielak-Lackmann, Ewelina S.; Clark, Mark E. (2019-05-23). "Bigmouth Buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus sets freshwater teleost record as improved age analysis reveals centenarian longevity". Communications Biology. 2 (1): 197. doi:10.1038/s42003-019-0452-0. ISSN 2399-3642. PMC 6533251. PMID 31149641.
Banister, Keith F. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-12-547665-2.
Paleobiology database.
"Night Hawk Publications - John's Journal".
"Subsistence Fishing For Sacramento Sucker". fishbio.com. 11 September 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
Lin, Y.; Y. Gong; Y. Yuan; S. Gong; D. Yu; Q. Li; and Z. Luo (2012). Dietary L-lysine requirement of juvenile Chinese sucker, Myxocyprinus asiaticus. Aquaculture Research, 44(10): 1539–1549. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2012.03161.x
Koga, James S. Chinese high fin banded shark, Cal Poly Pomona, September 2003. Retrieved on 5 May 2019
Miller, Matthew L. (2 March 2015). "A Sucker (Myth) Is Born Every Minute". blog.nature.org. Nature. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
Liu, Juan; Wilson, Mark V. H.; Murray, Alison M. (2016). "A new catostomid fish (Ostariophysi, Cypriniformes) from the Eocene Kishenehn Formation and remarks on the North American species of †Amyzon Cope, 1872". Journal of Paleontology. 90 (2): 288–304. Bibcode:2016JPal...90..288L. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.28. ISSN 0022-3360.
Liu, Juan; Chang, Mee-mann (2009-02-01). "A new Eocene catostomid (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from northeastern China and early divergence of Catostomidae". Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences. 52 (2): 189–202. Bibcode:2009ScChD..52..189L. doi:10.1007/s11430-009-0022-2. ISSN 1862-2801.
Liu, Juan (Fall 2016). "Osteology, Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Body Shape Changes of Eocene Catostomid and Problematic Catostomid Fishes". ERA. doi:10.7939/R3X63BD4W. Retrieved 2024-07-09.
Liu, Juan (2021-05-03). "Redescription of ' Amyzon ' brevipinne and remarks on North American Eocene catostomids (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 19 (9): 677–689. Bibcode:2021JSPal..19..677L. doi:10.1080/14772019.2021.1968966. ISSN 1477-2019.

Liu, Juan; Chang, Mee-Mann; Wilson, Mark V. H.; Murray, Alison M. (2015-11-02). "A new family of Cypriniformes (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) based on a redescription of † Jianghanichthys hubeiensis (Lei, 1977) from the Eocene Yangxi Formation of China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35 (6): e1004073. Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E4073L. doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.1004073. ISSN 0272-4634.

Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Catostomidae". FishBase. August 2011 version.
Bruner, John Clay (1991). "Comments on the genus Amyzon (family Catostomidae)". Journal of Paleontology. 65 (4): 678–686. Bibcode:1991JPal...65..678B. doi:10.1017/s0022336000030766. JSTOR 1305679. S2CID 127768517.