Carassius gibelio
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Otomorpha
Subcohors: Ostariophysi
Sectio: Otophysa
Ordo: Cypriniformes
Superfamilia: Cyprinoidea
Familia: Cyprinidae
Subfamilia: Cyprininae
Tribus: Cyprinini
Genus: Carassius
Species: Carassius gibelio
Name
Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782)
Neotype: ZMB 33979.
Type locality: Czech Republic: pond in alluvium area of Olza River (tributary of Odra River) at Ceský Tešín; 49°47'11"N, 18°35'24"E.
Synonyms
Cyprinus gibelio Bloch, 1782
?Carassius bucephalus Heckel, 1837
Carassius ellipticus Heckel, 1848
Carassius vulgaris var. kolenty Dybowski, 1877
Carassius vulgaris var. ventrosus Walecki, 1863
Carassius auratus gibeliomorpha vovkii Johansen, 1945 -- name not available: infrasubspecific
?Cyprinus amarus Koch, 1840
Cyprinus minor Walbaum, (ex Klein), 1792
Vernacular names
čeština: Karas stříbřitý
English: Prussian carp
español: Carpa prusiana
eesti: Hõbekoger
suomi: Hopearuutana
hrvatski: Babuška
日本語: ギベリオブナ
русский: Серебряный карась
中文: 银鲫
References
Bloch, M. E.; 1782: M. Marcus Elieser Bloch's ..., ausübenden Arztes zu Berlin, Oekonomische Naturgeschichte der Fische Deutschlands. Berlin. 1: 1–128, Pls. 1-37.
Dybowski, B. N.; 1877: Fishes of the Amur water system. Izvestiya Zapadno-Sibirskogo otdiela Imperatorskago russkago geograpficheskago obshchestva, 8 (1-2): 1–29.
Heckel, J. J.; 1837: Ichthyologische Beiträge zu den Familien der Cottoiden, Scorpaenoiden, Gobioiden und Cyprinoiden. Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte, 2 (1): 142–164, Pls. 8-9.
Heckel, J. J.; 1848: Über die Fische Ungarns. Berichte über die Mittheilungen von Freunden der Naturwissenschaften in Wien, 3 (1): 194–195.
Johansen, B. G.; 1945: New forms of fishes of west Siberia. Tomskoe Otdelenie Moskovskago Obscestva Ispytatelej Priody. Tomsk No. 6: 1–16.
Kalous, L., Bohlen, J., Rylková, K. & Petrtýl, M.; 2012: Hidden diversity within the Prussian carp and designation of a neotype for Carassius gibelio (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (1): 11–18.
Koch, C. L.; 1840: Animalia Vertebrata. Pp. 1-43. In: *Koch, C. L., Herrich-Schäffer, A. & Forster, F.: Fauna Ratisbonensis. In: Naturhistorische Topographic v. Regensburg. 3: i-xvi + 1-478.
Walbaum, J. J.; 1792: Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium. In quibus systema totum ichthyologiae proponitur cum classibus, ordinibus, generum characteribus, specierum differentiis, observationibus plurimis. Redactis speciebus 242 ad genera 52. Ichthyologiae pars III. Ant. Ferdin. Rose, Grypeswaldiae [Greifswald]. 3: 1–723, Pls. 1-3.
Walecki, A.; 1863: Materyaly do fauny ichtyologicznéj Polski. Biblioteka Warszawska. Wiadomosci Z Nauk [Science News], 4: 325–364.
Carassius gibelio in Catalog of Fishes, Eschmeyer, W.N., Fricke, R. & van der Laan, R. (eds.) 2022. Catalog of Fishes electronic version.
Fishbase: [1].
Catalogue of life: [2].
ITIS: [3].
The Prussian carp, silver Prussian carp or Gibel carp (Carassius gibelio), is a member of the family Cyprinidae, which includes many other fish, such as the common carp, goldfish, and the smaller minnows. It is a medium-sized cyprinid, and does not exceed a weight of 3 kilograms (6.6 lb) and a length of 45 centimetres (18 in). They are usually silver, although other color variations exist. They are omnivorous and feed on plankton, invertebrates, plant material and detritus. Originally from Siberia, they have been introduced to and are now inhabiting lakes, ponds, and slow-moving rivers throughout Europe, North America, and Asia.[1][2][3][4]
Prussian carps are highly invasive fish species in areas outside its native range. They reproduce and spread rapidly. In 2020, scientists demonstrated that a small proportion of fertilized Prussian carp eggs ingested by waterfowl survive passing through the digestive tract and hatch after being retrieved from the feces.[5][6] Birds exhibit strong preference for fish eggs, while cyprinids produce hundreds of thousands of eggs at a single spawning event. These data indicate that despite the low proportion of eggs surviving the digestive tract of birds, endozoochory might provide a potentially overlooked dispersal mechanism of Prussian carps. If proven under natural circumstances, endozoochorous dispersal of invasive fish could be a strong conservation concern for freshwater biodiversity.
Description
An orange colored wild-caught Prussian carp with goldfish-like coloration.
The Prussian carp is a deep-bodied, robust fish which resembles the crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and grows to about 10 to 35 cm (4 to 14 in) in length. Its scales are larger than those of the crucian carp, and it typically has 27 to 32 scales along the lateral line, whereas the crucian carp usually has between 31 and 35. The species is silvery, sometimes with a faint golden tinge, while the crucian carp has a burnished gold appearance. The Prussian carp's tail is more deeply forked than that of the crucian carp.[7]
References
"Carassius gibelio, Prussian carp : fisheries". www.fishbase.in.
"Data Use Agreement - GBIF Portal". Data.gbif.org. 2007-02-22. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-08-12. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
Brykov, Vl. A.; Polyakova, N. E.; Skurikhina, L. A.; Dolganov, S. M.; Eliseikina, M. G.; Kovalev, M. Yu. (2002). "Journal Article". Russian Journal of Genetics. SpringerLink. 38 (10): 1176–1180. doi:10.1023/A:1020604905154. S2CID 11234180.
"Experiment shows it is possible for fish to migrate via ingestion by birds". phys.org. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
Lovas-Kiss, Ádám; Vincze, Orsolya; Löki, Viktor; Pallér-Kapusi, Felícia; Halasi-Kovács, Béla; Kovács, Gyula; Green, Andy J.; Lukács, Balázs András (18 June 2020). "Experimental evidence of dispersal of invasive cyprinid eggs inside migratory waterfowl". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (27): 15397–15399. doi:10.1073/pnas.2004805117. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 7355035. PMID 32571940.
"Prussian carp: Carassius gibelio". NatureGate. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
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