Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Ophidiaria
Ordo: Ophidiiformes
Familia: Bythitidae
Subfamiliae: Brosmophycinae - Bythitinae
Overview of genera (40)
Acarobythites – Beaglichthys – Bellottia – Bidenichthys – Brosmodorsalis – Brosmolus – Brosmophyciops – Brosmophycis – Brotulina – Bythites – Calamopteryx – Cataetyx – Dermatopsis – Dermatopsoides – Diancistrus – Dinematichthys – Diplacanthopoma – Dipulus – Ematops – Grammonoides – Grammonus – Gunterichthys – Hastatobythites – Hephthocara – Lucifuga – Lucifuga – Melodichthys – Microbrotula – Monothrix – Nielsenichthys – Ogilbia – Parabrosmolus – Parasaccogaster – Pseudonus – Saccogaster – Stygnobrotula – Thalassobathia – Thermichthys – Timorichthys – Tuamotuichthys
References
Links
Bythitidae and its species in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2024. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2024.
Vernacular names
The viviparous brotulas form a family, the Bythitidae, of ophidiiform fishes. They are known as viviparous brotulas as they generally bear live young,[1] although there are indications that some species (at least Didymothallus criniceps) do not.[2] They are generally infrequently seen, somewhat tadpole-like in overall shape and mostly about 5–10 cm (2–4 in) in length,[1] but some species grow far larger and may surpass 60 cm (2 ft).[3][4]
Although many live near the coast in tropical or subtropical oceans,[1] there are also species in deep water and cold oceans, for example Bythites.[5] Thermichthys hollisi, which lives at depths of around 2,500 m (8,200 ft), is associated with thermal vents.[6] A few are fresh or brackish water cavefish: the Mexican blind brotula (Typhliasina pearsei), Galapagos cuskeel (Ogilbia galapagosensis), Diancistrus typhlops and some Lucifuga species.[2][7]
Since 2002, more than 110 new species have been added to this family.[8] In 2005, 26 new species were described in a single paper by Danish and German scientists[9] and in 2007, an additional eight new genera with 20 new species were described in another paper by the same scientists.[10]
In some classifications the family Aphyonidae is placed within the Bythitidae and the tribe Dinematichthyini of the subfamily Brosmophycinae has been raised to the status of a family, the Dinematichthyidae which contains 25 genera and 114 species.[11]
The Bythitidae is divided as follows:
Subfamily Brosmophycinae
Tribe Dinematichthyini
Alionematichthys
Beaglichthys
Brosmolus
Brotulinella
Dactylosurculus
Dermatopsis
Dermatopsoides
Diancistrus
Didymothallus
Dinematichthys
Dipulus
Gunterichthys
Lapitaichthys
Majungaichthys
Mascarenichthys
Monothrix
Nielsenichthys
Ogilbia
Ogilbichthys
Paradiancistrus
Porocephalichthys
Typhliasina
Ungusurculus
Zephyrichthys
Tribe Brosmophycini
Bidenichthys
Brosmodorsalis
Brosmophyciops
Brosmophycis
Eusurculus
Fiordichthys
Lucifuga
Melodichthys
Subfamily Bythitinae
Acarobythites
Anacanthobythites
Bellottia
Bythites
Calamopteryx
Cataetyx
Diplacanthopoma
Ematops
Grammonus
Hastatobythites
Hephthocara
Microbrotula
Parasaccogaster[12]
Pseudogilbia
Pseudonus
Saccogaster
Stygnobrotula
Thalassobathia
Thermichthys
Timorichthys
Tuamotuichthys
References
Nielsen, Jørgen G. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 134. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
Nielsen; Schwarzhans; and Hadiaty (2009). A blind, new species of Diancistrus (Teleostei, Bythitidae) from three caves on Muna Island, southeast of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Cybium 33(3): 241-245.
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2017). Species of Cataetyx in FishBase. April 2017 version.
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2017). Species of Grammonus in FishBase. April 2017 version.
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2017). Species of Bythites in FishBase. April 2017 version.
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2017). Thermichthys hollisi in FishBase. April 2017 version.
Romero, A., editor (2001). The Biology of Hypogean Fishes. Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes. ISBN 978-1402000768
"CAS - Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes - Genera/Species by Family/Subfamily".
Schwarzhans, Werner; Møller, Peter Rask; Nielsen, Jørgen G. (2005). "Review of the Dinematichthyini (Teleostei: Bythitidae) of the Indo-West Pacific. Part I. Diancistrus and Two New Genera with 26 New Species". The Beagle, Records of the Museum and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory. 21: 73–163.
Schwarzhans & Møller (2007). "Review of the Dinematichthyini (Teleostei, Bythitidae) of the Indo-West pacific. Part III. Beaglichthys, Brosmolus, Monothrix and 8 new genera with description of 20 new species". The Beagle, Records of the Museum and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory. 23: 29–110.
Møller PR; Knudsen SW; Schwarzhans W; Nielsen JG (2016). "A new classification of viviparous brotulas (Bythitidae) - with family status for Dinematichthyidae - based on molecular, morphological and fossil data". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 100: 391–408. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.008. PMID 27060424. Abstract
Nielsen J.G., Schwarzhans W., Cohen D.M. (2012). "Revision of Hastatobythites and Saccogaster (Teleostei, Bythitidae) with three new species and a new genus". Zootaxa. 3579: 1–36. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3579.1.1.
Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2012). "Bythitidae" in FishBase. June 2012 version.
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