Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Otomorpha
Subcohors: Ostariophysi
Sectio: Otophysa
Ordo: Siluriformes
Familia: Aspredinidae
Genus: Bunocephalus
Species: B. aleuropsis – B. amaurus – B. chamaizelus – B. colombianus – B. coracoideus – B. doriae – B. erondinae – B. hartti – B. hertzi – B. knerii – B. larai – B. minerim – B. verrucosus
Name
Bunocephalus Kner, 1855
Type species: Platystacus verrucosus Bloch, 1794
Synonyms
Aspredo Swainson, 1838
Platystacus Bleeker, 1858
Dysichthys Cope, 1874
Agmus Eigenmann, 191
References
Cardoso, A.R., 2010: Bunocephalus erondinae, a new species of banjo catfish from southern Brazil (Siluriformes: Aspredinidae). Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (3): 607–613. Full article: [1].
Esguícero, A.L.H., Castro, R.M. & Pereira, T.N.A. 2020. Bunocephalus hertzi, a new banjo catfish from the upper Rio Paraná basin, Brazil (Siluriformes: Aspredinidae), with the redescription of Bunocephalus larai Ihering, 1930. Zootaxa 4742(1): 105–116. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4742.1.6 Paywall Reference page.
Kner, R. 1855. Ichthyologische Beiträge [Subtitles I–III]. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 17: 92–162, Pls. 1–6. BHL Reference page.
Links
Bunocephalus and its species (including synonyms) in Catalog of Fishes, Eschmeyer, W.N., Fricke, R. & van der Laan, R. (eds.) 2024. Catalog of Fishes electronic version.
Bunocephalus species list in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2024. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2024.
Bunocephalus is a genus of banjo catfishes from South America. It is found in Magdalena, Orinoco, Amazon, Paraguay-Paraná, and São Francisco Rivers. It is also the only aspredinid genus found west of the Andes, found in the Atrato, San Juan, and Patía Rivers.[1] This genus is a part of the family Aspredinidae, known as banjo catfishes for their large, flattened heads and slender tails that give the appearance of a banjo. Most species exhibit cryptic coloration, and the same holds true among Bunocephalus species. The skin is completely keratinized and is covered by large, unculiferous tubercles.[1] Bunocephalus species may reach up to 13 centimetres SL.[1]
Species
There are currently 12 recognized species in this genus:
Bunocephalus aleuropsis Cope, 1870
Bunocephalus amaurus C. H. Eigenmann, 1912 (Camouflaged catfish)
Bunocephalus chamaizelus C. H. Eigenmann, 1912
Bunocephalus colombianus C. H. Eigenmann, 1912
Bunocephalus coracoideus (Cope, 1874) (Guitarrita)
Bunocephalus doriae Boulenger, 1902
Bunocephalus erondinae A. R. Cardoso, 2010
Bunocephalus hartti T. P. Carvalho, A. R. Cardoso, Friel & R. E. dos Reis, 2015 [2]
Bunocephalus knerii Steindachner, 1882 (Ecuador banjo catfish)
Bunocephalus larai R. Ihering (pt), 1930
Bunocephalus minerim T. P. Carvalho, A. R. Cardoso, Friel & R. E. dos Reis, 2015 [2]
Bunocephalus verrucosus (Walbaum, 1792) (Gnarled catfish)
The removal of Pseudobunocephalus from Bunocephalus was an attempt to make it monophyletic.[1] Even in this reduced state, Bunocephalus is still the largest genus in the Aspredinidae.[1]
In the aquarium
B. coracoideus is the most common species of banjo catfish found in the aquarium fishkeeping hobby.[3][4] These fish are nocturnal.[5] This species is peaceful and a good idea for a community aquarium.[4] These fish may be kept with sand to allow them to bury themselves or with a flat rock to hide underneath.[4] Reproduction has been accomplished in the home aquarium. These fish can be easily sexed because females are much fatter and fuller than males. The mating pair should be conditioned on live foods for at least a month.[5] Spawning is induced by a larger water change; the pair will spawn within two days.[5] Spawning occurs at night.[4] Some sources say they spawn under a fallen leaf or on a large rock, incubating their eggs by sitting on them, while others list them as egg-scatterers.[4][5]
References
Friel, J.P. (1994). "A Phylogenetic Study of the Neotropical Banjo Catfishes (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Aspredinidae)" (PDF). Duke University, Durham, NC. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-28.
Carvalho, T.P., Cardoso, A.R., Friel, J.P. & Reis, R.E. (2015): Two new species of the banjo catfish Bunocephalus Kner (Siluriformes: Aspredinidae) from the upper and middle rio São Francisco basins, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 13 (3): 499–512.
Friel, J.P. (2000). "Bunocephalus Kner, 1855". Tree of Life Web Project.
"PlanetCatfish: Catfish of the Month: June 1997". PlanetCatfish.com.
Axelrod, H.R. (1996). Exotic Tropical Fishes. T.F.H. Publications. ISBN 0-87666-543-1.
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