Borophryne

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Lophiiformes
Subordo: Ogcocephalioidei
Superfamilia: Ceratioidea

Familia: Linophrynidae
Genus: Borophryne
Species: B. apogon – B. masculina
Name

Borophryne Regan, 1925
References

Borophryne – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).

Vernacular names
中文: 貪口樹鬚魚屬

Borophryne apogon, the netdevil, or greedy seadevil, is a species of leftvent anglerfish known today from the waters of the eastern Pacific Ocean off the Central American coast. It is found at depths down to around 1,750 m (5,700 ft). This species grows to a length of 8.3 centimetres (3.3 in) TL. A fossil specimen of this species has been found in the Los Angeles Basin dating back to the Late Miocene, some eight million years ago.
Description

A metamorphosed female Borophryne apogon is globose, and grows to a maximum length of about 100 mm (4 in). The depth of the head is between 50% and 65% of the fish's standard length and the length of the head is between 50% and 60% of the standard length, with the lower jaw being four fifths of the length of the head. Three rows of long, sharp teeth line the jaws and there are up to four teeth on the roof of the mouth. The illicium on the snout is short and the esca on its tip is large with a branching terminal appendage and filaments on the side. There is a rounded protuberance on the forehead, the sphenotic spines (above the eyes) are large in young specimens but become overgrown with skin in older ones, and there is a symphysial spine at the tip of the jaw. The caudal peduncle is particularly short. The head and body are dark reddish-brown, or completely black, and the fins are usually colorless. The dorsal fin and the anal fin both have three soft rays, while the pectoral fins have fifteen to eighteen rays each, and the caudal fin has nine.[4] This anglerfish is similar in appearance to Linophryne, but lacks the barbel on the chin.[4]

A free-living metamorphosed male grows to a length of about 17 mm (0.7 in). It differs from other leftvent anglerfish in having no premaxillae and having large sphenotic spines. The jaws bear no teeth, but there are up to six or seven strong, short placoid scales above and below the mouth which meet when the jaws are closed. The olfactory organs are large and unpigmented, but the rest of the head and body is lightly pigmented and pale brown.[4]
Distribution

This species is found only in the tropical eastern Pacific. Its range extends from the lower Gulf of California to the Gulf of Panama, in an area delineated by 29°N to 7°N and 113°W to 78°W. It is a deep water fish and has been found in the bathypelagic zone at depths down to about 1,750 m (5,700 ft).[5]
Evolution

A fossil of Borophryne apogon and one of the closely related headlight angler (Linophryne indica) were found in Late Miocene laminated deposits in the eastern sector of the Los Angeles Basin, California, during construction of a metro line subway station in Los Angeles.[1] The assemblage of anglerfish included several other extant species of anglerfish.[1]
Biology

When a free-living male B. apogon encounters a female he latches onto her belly with his mouth and their tissues gradually fuse, with the male becoming parasitic. Free-living males and unparasitised females never have fully developed gonads, but after fusion, the male's gonads enlarge and he continues to grow, the largest known parasitic male being about 22 mm (0.9 in) long.[6]
References

Carnevale, Giorgio; Pietsch, Theodore W.; Takeuchi, Gary T.; Hiddleston, Richard W. (2008). "Fossil ceratioid anglerfishes (Teleostei: Lophiiformes) from the Miocene of the Los Angeles Basin, California" (PDF). Journal of Paleontology. 82 (5): 996–1008. Bibcode:2008JPal...82..996C. doi:10.1666/07-113.1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2012-07-19.
Bailly, Nicolas (2015). "Borophryne apogon Regan, 1925". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
Bailly, Nicolas (2015). "Borophryne Regan, 1925". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
Pietsch, Theodore W. (2009). Oceanic Anglerfishes: Extraordinary Diversity in the Deep Sea. University of California Press. pp. 160, 486. ISBN 978-0-520-94255-4.
"Borophryne apogon Regan, 1925: Netdevil". FishBase. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
Pietsch, Theodore W. (2009). Oceanic Anglerfishes: Extraordinary Diversity in the Deep Sea. University of California Press. p. 303. ISBN 978-0-520-94255-4.