Taxonavigation
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Berycimorphaceae
Ordo: Beryciformes
Subordines: Berycoidei – Stephanoberycoidei
Name
Beryciformes Regan, 1909
Type genus: Beryx Cuvier, 1829
References
Betancur-R., R., Broughton, R.E., Wiley, E.O., Carpenter, K., López, J.A., Li, C., Holcroft, N.I., Arcila, D., Sanciangco, M., Cureton II, J.C., Zhang, F., Buser, T., Campbell, M.A., Ballesteros, J.A., Roa-Varon, A., Willis, S., Borden, W.C., Rowley, T., Reneau, P.C., Hough, D.J., Lu, G., Grande, T., Arratia, G. & Ortí, G. 2013. The tree of life and a new classification of bony fishes. PLOS Currents Tree of Life 2013 Apr 18: 1–45, downloadable Appendix 2 (new classification): 1–21, and downloadable Figure S1 (complete cladogram with annotated classification). DOI: 10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288 [nonfunctional] Broken access. PDF.. Reference page.
Betancur-R, R., Wiley, E., Bailly, N., Miya, M., Lecointre, G. & Ortí, G. 2014. Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes Version 3. HTML Reference page.
Betancur-R., R., Wiley, E.O., Arratia, G., Acero P., A., Bailly, N., Miya, M., Lecointre, G. & Ortí, G. 2017. Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 17(1): 162. DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3 Open access. Reference page.
Links
Beryciformes in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2024. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2024.
Vernacular names
čeština: Pilonoši
日本語: キンメダイ目
українська: Беріксоподібні
中文（简体）: 金眼鲷目
中文（繁體）: 金眼鯛目
The Beryciformes /ˈbɛrɪsɪfɔːrmiːz/ are a poorly-understood order of carnivorous ray-finned fishes consisting of 7 families, 30 genera, and 161 species.[2] They feed on small fish and invertebrates. Beyond this, little is known about the biology of most member species because of their nocturnal habits and deepwater habitats.[3] All beryciform species are marine and most live in tropical to temperate, deepwater environments. Most live on the continental shelf and continental slope, with some species being found as deep as 2,000 m (6,600 ft).[4] Some species move closer to the surface at night,[5] while others live entirely in shallow water and are nocturnal, hiding in rock crevices and caves during the day. Several species are mesopelagic and bathypelagic. Beryciformes' bodies are deep and mildly compressed, typically with large eyes that help them see in darker waters. Colors range from red to yellow and brown to black, and sizes range from 8–61 cm (3.1–24.0 in).[4] Member genera include the alfonsinos, squirrelfishes, flashlight fishes, fangtooth fishes, spinyfins, pineconefishes, redfishes, roughies, and slimeheads. A number of member species are caught commercially, including the alfonsino, the splendid alfonsino, and the orange roughy, the latter being much more economically important. Some species have bioluminescent bacteria contained in pockets of skin or in light organs near the eyes, including the anomalopids and monocentrids.[3]
Taxonomy and phylogeny
Pseudoberyx syriacus, an extinct beryciform
Beryciforms first appeared during the Late Cretaceous period and have survived to today in relative abundance. They are considered the most primitive order in Acanthopterygii, and as such are split off at the base of the cladogram below from the rest of the member orders. Beryciforms are distinguished by having 18–19 caudal fin rays, as opposed to percomorphs, which have 17. Having fewer caudal fin rays is considered a sign of a more recently evolved species among fish. The whalefishes, beardfishes, gibberfishes, and pricklefishes were once considered members of Beryciformes, but have since been assigned to separate orders.[3]
A recent phylogeny based on the work Betancur-Rodriguez et al. 2017.[6] The Gibberichthyidae (gibberfishes) and Hispidoberycidae (spiny-scale pricklefish) of suborder
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Older classification
The order contains 7 families, 30 genera, and 161 species:[2]
Order Beryciformes
Suborder Berycoidei
Berycidae (alfonsinos, nannygais)
Suborder Holocentroidei
Holocentridae (soldierfishes, squirrelfishes)
Suborder Trachichthyoidei
Anomalopidae (flashlight fishes, lanterneye fishes)
Diretmidae (spinyfins)
Monocentridae (pineconefishes, pineapple fishes)
Trachichthyidae (incl. Anoplogastridae)(slimeheads, redfishes, roughies, fangtooth fishes)
Order Cetomimiformes
Family Rondeletiidae (redmouth whalefishes)
Family Barbourisiidae (red/velvet whalefishes)
Family Cetomimidae (flabby whalefishes)
Order Stephanoberyciformes
Family Melamphaidae (bigscale fishes)
Family Gibberichthyidae (gibberfishes)
Family Hispidoberycidae (Spiny-scale pricklefishes)
Family Stephanoberycidae (pricklefishes)
Human interaction
Alfonsinos for sale
The Beryciformes are generally not important to humans, and their trend towards living in deeper waters generally keeps many species away from human activity. Several species are found in the aquarium trade, however. Pineapplefishes are of interest to fishkeepers for their bright colors, while squirrelfishes' shallower reef habitats and bright red colors make them more easily collected. Flashlight fishes are also kept as pets because of the bioluminescent organs underneath their eyes.[3] The alfonsinos and orange roughy are of a different interest to humans, targeted by deepwater commercial fisheries. Increased catches could lead to steep population declines for these species as their extended lifespans make them vulnerable to overfishing. The orange roughy, for example, can live up to 149 years, but takes anywhere from 23 to 40 years to begin reproducing.[7][8] Despite these risks, most of the species that have been evaluated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) are listed as Least Concern or Data Deficient; only a few are classified as Vulnerable.
Timeline of genera
The Beryciformes first appeared in the Late Cretaceous and still survive today in relative abundance.[9]
References
"Beryx decadactylus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 24 January 2006.
Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2008). "Beryciformes" in FishBase. November 2008 version.
Grzimek, Bernhard (2003). Michael Hutchins (ed.). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia, Fishes II. Vol. 5 (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills: Gale. pp. 113–122. ISBN 978-0787657819.
Bray, Dianne J. "Order Beryciformes". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria.
Paxton, John R. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 160–163. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
Betancur-Rodriguez, R.; Wiley, E.O.; Arratia, Gloria; Acero, A.; Bailly, N.; Miya, M.; Lecointre, G.; Ortí, G. (2017). "Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes – Version 4". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (162). BioMed Central: 162. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3. PMC 5501477. PMID 28683774.
Fenton, G.E.; Short, S.A.; Ritz, D.A. (June 1991). "Age determination of orange roughy, Hoplostethus atlanticus (Pisces: Trachichthyidae) using 210 Pb: 226 Ra disequilibria". Marine Biology. 109 (2). Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer: 197–202. doi:10.1007/BF01319387. ISSN 0025-3162. S2CID 84942308.
Managing risk and uncertainty in deep-sea fisheries: lessons from Orange Roughy
Sepkoski, J. (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363: 1–560. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2011-05-17.
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