Atractoscion

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Perciformes
Subordo: Percoidei
Superfamilia: Percoidea

Familia: Sciaenidae
Genus: Atractoscion
Species: A. aequidens – A. macrolepis – A. microlepis – A. nobilis – †A. odeai
Name

Atractoscion Gill, 1862
References

Gill, T.N. 1862: On the West African genus Hemichromis and descriptions of new species in the museums of the Academy and Smithsonian Institution. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 14: 134–139 Reference page.
Song, Y.S., Kim, J-K., Kang, J-H. & Kim, S.Y. 2017. Two new species of the genus Atractoscion, and resurrection of the species Atractoscion atelodus (Günther 1867) (Perciformes: Sciaenidae). Zootaxa 4306(2): 223–237. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4306.2.3. Reference page.

Links

Atractoscion – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Atractoscion species list in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2023. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2023.

Vernacular names
Deutsch: Seebarsch
English: Seabass

Atractoscion is a genus of marine ray-finned fished belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. The fishes in this genus are found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Taxonomy

Atractoscion was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1862 by the American biologist Theodore Gill with Otolithus aequidens, a species described in 1830 by Georges Cuvier from the Cape of Good Hope,[2] designated as its type species.[1] This genus is classified in the family Sciaenidae which is placed within the suborder Sciaenoidei of the order Acanthuriformes in the 5th edition of Fishes of the World.[3]
Etymology

Atractoscion is a combination of atracto, which means "spindle", an allusion Gill did not explain, but it mau have referred to the more cylindrical body shape of this genus in comparison to the typical members of the Sciaenidae, with scion, the modern Greek name of Umbrina cirrosa, Gill preferring this over “sciaena” because he considered that it sounded better.[4]
Species

There are currently 5 recognized species in this genus:[5]

Atractoscion aequidens (Cuvier, 1830) (Geelbeck croaker)
Atractoscion atelodus (Günther, 1867) (Small lunate caudal fin croaker) [6]
Atractoscion macrolepis Y. S. Song, J. K. Kim, J. H. Kang & S. Y. Kim, 2017 (Large scale lunate caudal fin croaker) [6]
Atractoscion microlepis [Y. S. Song, J. K. Kim, J. H. Kang & S. Y. Kim, 2017 (Small scale lunate caudal fin croaker) [6]
Atractoscion nobilis (Ayres, 1860) (White weakfish)

Characteristics

Atractoscion fishes are characterised by having elongate fusiform, compressed bodies with an oval cross-section. They have moderately sized eyes. The slightly oblique mout opens at the front and has a slightly protruding lower jaw. There are no barbels or pores on the chin and the preoperculum has a smooth margin. They have a raised ridge along the centre of their bellies. The dorsal fin has a long base with a deep incision separating the spined and soft-rayed portions of the fin and it has 10 or 11 spines and between 21 and 23 soft rays. The anal fin has 2 thin, short spines and 9 or 10 soft rays. They have short pelvic and pectoral fins. They have small, rough scales apart from around the eyes where the scales are smooth. There are no scales in the fins. [7] The teeth are cardiform or pluriserial, and the caudal fin is slightly emarginate to lunate.[6] The largest species in the genus is the white seabass (A. nobilis) which has a maximum published total length of 166 cm (65 in).[5]
Distribution and habitat

Atractoscion croakers are found in the south eastern Atlantic, southwestern Indian, northern Indian, western and eastern Pacific Oceans. These are coastal fishes often found in estuaries.[5]
References

Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Sciaenidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Atractoscion". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 497–502. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (9 March 2023). "Series Eupercaria (Incertae sedis): Families Callanthidae, Centrogenyidae, Dinopercidae, Emmelichthyidae, Malacanthidae, Monodactylidae, Moronidae, Parascorpididae, Sciaenidae and Sillagidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2023). Species of Atractoscion in FishBase. February 2023 version.
Song, Young-Sun; Kim, Jin-Koo; Kang, Jung-Ha; Kim, Seong-Yong (16 August 2017). "Two new species of the genus Atractoscion, and resurrection of the species Atractoscion atelodus (Günther 1867) (Perciformes: Sciaenidae)". Zootaxa. 4306 (2): 223–237. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4306.2.3.
"Genus: Atractoscion, Weakfishes". Shorefishes of the Eastern Pacific online information system. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 19 April 2023.