Anthiinae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Perciformes
Subordo: Percoidei
Superfamilia: Percoidea

Familia: Serranidae
Subfamilia: Anthiadinae
Genus: Anatolanthias – Anthias – Baldwinella – Caesioperca – Caprodon – Choranthias – Dactylanthias – Giganthias – Hemanthias – Holanthias – Hypoplectrodes – Lepidoperca – Luzonichthys – Nemanthias – Odontanthias – Othos – Plectranthias – Pronotogrammus – Pseudanthias – Rabaulichthys – Sacura – Selenanthias – Serranocirrhitus – Tosana – Tosanoides – Trachypoma

Name

Anthiadinae Poey, 1861

Type genus: Anthias Bloch, 1792, by original designation.

Nomenclatural note: in its original spelling Anthiinae Poey, 1861 (stem Anthi-), is a homonym of the beetle subfamily Anthiinae Bonelli, 1813 (type genus Anthia Weber, 1801, stem Anthi-); it has been amended to Anthiadinae Poey, 1861 (see WoRMS).
References

Template:Poey, 1861

Anderson, W.D., Jr. 2018. Annotated checklist of anthiadine fishes (Percoidei: Serranidae).Zootaxa 4475(1): 1–62. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4475.1.1 Paywall Reference page.
Baldwin, C. C. 1990 (31 Dec.) Morphology of the larvae of American Anthiinae (Teleostei: Serranidae), with comments on relationships within the subfamily. Copeia 1990 (no. 4): 913–955.
Randall, J. E. 1980 Revision of the fish genus Plectranthias (Serranidae: Anthiinae) with descriptions of 13 new species. Micronesica v. 16 (no. 1): 101–187.
Williams, J.T.; Delrieu-Trottin, E.; Planes, S. 2013: Two new fish species of the subfamily Anthiinae (Perciformes, Serranidae) from the Marquesas. Zootaxa 3647(1): 167–180. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3647.1.8 Reference page.

Vernacular names
English: Anthias
ไทย: ปลากะรังจิ๋ว, ปลาทองทะเล

Anthias are members of the family Serranidae and make up the subfamily Anthiinae.[1] Anthias make up a sizeable portion of the population of pink, orange, and yellow reef fishes seen swarming in most coral reef photography and film. The name Anthiidae is preoccupied by a subfamily of ground beetles in the family Carabidae created by Bonelli in 1813 and this grouping should be called the Anthiadinae.[3][4] However, both the 5th Edition of Fishes of the World and Fishbase give the Serranid subfamily as "Anthiinae".[5][6]

Anthias are mostly small, thus are quite popular within the ornamental fish trade. They form complex social structures based on the number of males and females and also their position on the reef itself, and are mainly zooplankton feeders. They occur in all tropical oceans and seas of the world. The first species recognized in this group was described in the Mediterranean and northeast Atlantic and was given name Anthias anthias by Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Anthias can shoal by the thousands. Anthias do school in these large groups, though they tend toward more intimate subdivisions within the school, appropriately called "harems". These consist of one dominant, colorful male, and two to 12 females — which have their own hierarchy among them — and up to two 'subdominant' males, often less brightly colored and not territorial. Within the swarm of females, territorial males perform acrobatic U-swim displays and vigorously defend an area of the reef and its associated harem.

Most anthias are protogynous hermaphrodites. These anthias are born female; if a dominant male perishes, the largest female of the group will often change into a male to take its place. This may lead to squabbling between the next-largest male, which sees an opportunity to advance, and the largest female, whose hormones are surging with testosterone.[tone]

Seven genera of anthias are known to occur in coral reef ecosystems: Holanthias, Luzonichthys, Nemanthias, Plectranthias, Pseudanthias, Rabaulichthys, and Serranocirrhitus. Members of all these genera make it into the aquarium trade, although Pseudanthias is by far the most encountered in the hobby.
Genera

The following genera are classified within the Anthiinae:[7][5]

Acanthistius Gill, 1862
Anatolanthias Anderson, Parin & Randall, 1990
Anthias Bloch, 1792
Baldwinella Anderson & Heemstra, 2012[8]
Caesioperca Castelnau, 1872
Caprodon Temminck & Schlegel, 1843
Choranthias Anderson & Heemstra, 2012[8]
Dactylanthias Bleeker, 1871
Epinephelides Ogilby, 1899
Giganthias Katayama, 1954
Hemanthias Steindachner, 1875
Holanthias Günther 1868
Hypoplectrodes Gill, 1862
Lepidoperca Regan, 1914
Luzonichthys Herre, 1936
Meganthias Randall & Heemstra, 2006
Nemanthias J.L.B. Smith, 1954
Odontanthias Bleeker, 1873
Othos Castelnau, 1875
Plectranthias Bleeker, 1873
Pronotogrammus Gill, 1863
Pseudanthias Bleeker, 1871
Rabaulichthys Allen, 1984
Sacura Jordan & Richardson, 1910
Selenanthias Tanaka, 1918
Serranocirrhitus Watanabe, 1949
Tosana H.M. Smith & Pope, 1906
Tosanoides Kamohara, 1953
Trachypoma Günther, 1859

References

Pyle, R.L., Greene, B.D. & Kosaki, R.K. (2016): Tosanoides obama, a new basslet (Perciformes, Percoidei, Serranidae) from deep coral reefs in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. ZooKeys, 641: 165–181.
Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 001–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
Bailly, Nicolas (2018). "Anthiinae Poey, 1861". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Anthiadinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 446–448. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2019). "Serranidae" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Serranidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
Anderson, W.D. Jr.; Heemstra, P.C. (2012). "Review of Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Anthiine Fishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Serranidae), with Descriptions of Two New Genera". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 102 (2): 1–173.