Albula vulpes (*)
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Elopocephalai
Supercohors: Elopocephala
Cohors/Superordo: Elopomorpha
Ordo: Albuliformes
Familia: Albulidae
Genus: Albula
Species: Albula vulpes
Name
Albula vulpes Linnaeus, 1758
Original combination: Esox vulpes
References
Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiæ: impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. i–ii, 1–824 pp DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542: 313. Reference page.
Albula vulpes in the World Register of Marine Species
Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Beenvis
العربية: سمكة عظمية
English: Bonefish
español: Macabijo, macabí
Bahasa Melayu: Ikan Bandang Bulat
Nederlands: Gratenvis
Kapampangan: bidbid
polski: Albula (gatunek)
português: Ubarana-focinho-de-rato
русский: Альбула (рыба)
slovenčina: Albulotvaré
Tagalog: bidbid
中文: 北梭魚
The bonefish (Albula vulpes) is the type species of the bonefish family (Albulidae), the only family in order Albuliformes.
History
Bonefish were once believed to be a single species with a global distribution, however 9 different species have since been identified. There are three identified species in the Atlantic and six in the Pacific. Albula vulpes is the largest and most widespread of the Atlantic species.[4]
Description
Scales of A. vulpes
Bonefish head
The bonefish weighs up to 14 lb (6.4 kg) and measures up to 79 cm (31 in) long. The color of bonefish can range from very silver sides and slight darker backs to olive green backs that blend to the silver side.[4] Slight shading on the scales often lead to very soft subtle lines that run the flank of the fish from the gills to the tail. The bases of the pectoral fins are sometimes yellow. Bonefish can live up to 20 years and reach sexual maturity at 2–3 years of age (when they're over 17 inches (43.18 cm) long). Larvae drift for an average of 53 days. Juveniles often live over open sandy bottoms.[4] Bonefish can live up to 20 years and reach sexual maturity at 2 to 3 years of age (when over 17 inches (43.18 cm) long). Larvae drift for an average of 53 days. Juveniles often live over open sandy bottoms.[4]
Behavior
An amphidromous species, it lives in inshore tropical waters and moves onto shallow mudflats or sand flats to feed with the incoming tide. Adults and juveniles may shoal together, and mature adults may be found singly or in pairs.[4]
The bonefish feeds on benthic worms, fry, crustaceans, and mollusks.[5] Ledges, drop-offs, and clean, healthy seagrass beds yield abundant small prey such as crabs and shrimp. It may follow stingrays to catch the small animals they root from the substrate.
In the Los Roques archipelago bonefish primarily hunt glass minnows, however this behavior is atypical.[6]
Fishing and cuisine
Bonefish are considered one of the premier fly and light tackle game fish.[4] Fishing for bonefish, called bonefishing, is a popular sport in the Bahamas, Puerto Rico and southern Florida. Since bonefish live in shallow inshore water, fishing may be done by wading or from a shallow-draft boat. Bonefishing is mostly done for the sport, so the fish are released, but they may also be eaten in less developed areas. A typical Bahamian recipe is a split fish seasoned with pepper sauce and salt, then baked.[7]
Bonefish are notoriously wary and great skill must be taken both in approach and presentation when fishing for them. English speaking fishermen often refer to them as “grey ghosts."[4]
See also
Atlantic tarpon
Ladyfish
Milkfish
References
Adams, A.; Guindon, K.; Horodysky, A.; MacDonald, T.; McBride, R.; Shenker, J.; Ward, R. (2012). "Albula vulpes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T194303A2310733. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T194303A2310733.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
"Albulidae" (PDF). Deeplyfish- fishes of the world. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
Froese, R.; Pauly, D. (2017). "Albulidae". FishBase version (02/2017). Retrieved 18 May 2017.
Suescun, Alex (24 December 2014). "All About Bonefish". saltwatersportsman.com. Salt Water Sportsman. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2007). "Albula vulpes" in FishBase. June 2007 version.
Hudson, Sam (7 May 2014). "Catch Bonefish with Lures". www.sportfishingmag.com. Sport Fishing Magazine. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
Darwin Porter, Danforth Prince, Frommer's Bahamas, 20th edition, 2012, ISBN 1118287517, p. 27.
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