Zapornia pusilla (*)
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Ordo: Gruiformes
Familia: Rallidae
Genus: Zapornia
Species: Zapornia pusilla
Name
Zapornia pusilla (Pallas, 1776)
Synonyms
Rallus pusillus (protonym)
Porzana pusilla
Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Kleinriethaan
العربية: مرعة بايلون
asturianu: Gallineta Nana
azərbaycanca: Cırtdan
башҡортса: Һыу себеше
беларуская: Пагоніч-крошка
български: Малка пъструшка
brezhoneg: Rakig korr
català: Picardona
čeština: Chřástal nejmenší
Cymraeg: Rhegen Baillon
dansk: Dværgrørvagtel
Deutsch: Zwergsumpfhuhn
Ελληνικά: Βαλτοπουλλάδα
English: Baillon's Crake
Esperanto: Pigmea porzano
español: Polluela chica
eesti: Värbhuik
euskara: Uroilanda txiki
فارسی: یلوه نوکسبز
suomi: Kääpiöhuitti
føroyskt: Dvørgsmetta
français: Marouette de Baillon
Gaeilge: Gearr Baillon
galego: Poliña pequena
Gaelg: Eean raip beg
עברית: ברודית גמדית
hrvatski: Mala Štijoka
magyar: Törpevízicsibe
հայերեն: Ճահճահովվիկ գաճաճ
Bahasa Indonesia: Tikusan kerdil
íslenska: Dvergrella
italiano: Schiribilla grigiata
日本語: ヒメクイナ
ქართული: ჭაობის პაწაწა ქათამურა
қазақша: Титтей тартар
한국어: 쇠뜸부기
Lëtzebuergesch: Zwergrall
lietuvių: Nykštukinė vištelė
latviešu: Ceru ormanītis
Malagasy: Birindrano
Māori: Koitareke
македонски: Мала блатна (Патуљаста) кокошка
монгол: Оодон түнжгэр
Bahasa Melayu: Burung Tikus Siberia
Malti: Gallozz tal-Faxxi
नेपाली: झिली
Nederlands: Kleinst waterhoen
norsk nynorsk: Dvergrikse
norsk: Dvergrikse
polski: Karliczka zwyczajna
پنجابی: بیلون دک کریک
português: Franga-d'água-pequena
rumantsch: Pulsauna nanina
română: Cresteț cenuşiu
русский: Погоныш-крошка
slovenčina: Chriašť najmenší
slovenščina: Pritlikava tukalica
chiShona: Nhapata
shqip: Porzana e vogël
српски / srpski: Patuljasti barski petlic / Птаулјaсти барски петлич
svenska: Dvärgsumphöna
Kiswahili: Kiluwiri Mdogo
ไทย: นกอัญชันเล็ก
Türkçe: Küçük sutavuğu
українська: Курочка-крихітка
Tiếng Việt: Cuốc lùn
isiXhosa: Isazenza
中文: 小田鸡
isiZulu: isiZinzi
Baillon's crake (Zapornia pusilla), also known as the marsh crake, is a small waterbird of the family Rallidae.
Distribution
Their breeding habitat is sedge beds in Europe, mainly in the east, and across the Palearctic. They used to breed in Great Britain up to the mid-19th century, but the western European population declined through drainage. There has been a recovery in north-western Europe in recent years, with the recolonisation of Germany and the Netherlands, and breeding suspected in Britain; an Irish record in 2012 was the first there since the 1850s.[2] They nest in a dry location in wet sedge bogs, laying 4–8 eggs. This species is migratory, wintering in east Africa and south Asia.
It is also a resident breeder in Africa and Australasia. There is a single North American record of this species on Attu Island in September 2000.
At Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
Subspecies
There are at least five subspecies of Baillon's crake:[3]
Zapornia pusilla affinis in New Zealand
Zapornia pusilla palustris in Australia and New Guinea
Zapornia pusilla mira in Borneo
Zapornia pusilla intermedia in Africa
Zapornia pusilla pusilla in Asia and other places
Description
They are 16–18 cm (6.3–7.1 in) in length, and are similar to the only slightly larger little crake. Baillon's crake has a short straight bill, yellow or green without a red base. Adults have mainly brown upperparts with some white markings, and a blue-grey face and underparts. The rear flanks are barred black and white. They have green legs with long toes, and a short tail which is barred underneath.
Immature Baillon's crakes are similar to the adults, but have extensively barred underparts. The downy chicks are black, as with all rails.
Stuffed specimen
Behaviour
Egg, Collection Museum Wiesbaden, Germany
Porzana pusilla
These birds probe with their bill in mud or shallow water, also picking up food by sight. They mainly eat insects and aquatic animals.
Baillon's crakes are very secretive in the breeding season, and are then mostly heard rather than seen. They are then noisy birds, with a rattling call like that of the edible frog, or perhaps garganey. They can be easier to see on migration or when wintering.
Taxonomy and nomenclature
This bird is named after French naturalist Louis Antoine Francois Baillon. The names marsh crake and tiny crake have previously been used to refer to this species. pusillus is Latin for "very small".[4]
Status
International
Baillon's crake is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.
Australia
Baillon's crakes are not listed as threatened on the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. However, their conservation status varies from state to state within Australia. For example:
Baillon's crake is listed as threatened on the Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988).[5] Under this Act, an Action Statement for the recovery and future management of this species has not yet been prepared.[6]
On the 2007 advisory list of threatened vertebrate fauna in Victoria, Baillon's crake is listed as vulnerable.[7]
References
BirdLife International (2019). "Zapornia pusilla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22692667A154256374. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22692667A154256374.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
"Irish Rare Bird Report". Irish Birds. 9: 588.
"Marsh crake: Porzana pusilla (Pallas, 1776)". New Zealand Birds Online. Retrieved May 12, 2022.
Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 315, 325. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
"Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 Threatened List March 2017" (PDF). Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment. 9 March 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
"Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act: Index of Approved Action Statements". Department of Sustainability and Environment. Archived from the original on 4 May 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment (2007). Advisory List of Threatened Vertebrate Fauna in Victoria - 2007. East Melbourne, Victoria: Department of Sustainability and Environment. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-74208-039-0.
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