Ptilinopus jambu

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Columbimorphae
Ordo: Columbiformes

Familia: Columbidae
Subfamilia: Ptilinopinae
Genus: Ptilinopus
Species: Ptilinopus jambu
Name

Ptilinopus jambu (Gmelin, 1789)
Synonymy

Columba jambu (protonym)

References

Systema Naturae 1 (2): 784.
IUCN: Ptilinopus jambu (Near Threatened)

Vernacular names
čeština: Holub jambu
dansk: Jambufrugtdue
Deutsch: Jambufruchttaube
English: Jambu Fruit Dove
Esperanto: Jambua fruktokolombo
español: Tilopo Jambú
eesti: Mask-rohetuvi
suomi: Punanaamakyyhky
français: Ptilope jambou
magyar: Jambu gyümölcsgalamb
Bahasa Indonesia: Walik Jambu
italiano: Colomba frugivora di Jambu
日本語: ボタンバト
Bahasa Melayu: Burung Punai Jambu
Nederlands: Jambujufferduif
norsk: Jambufruktdue
polski: Owocożer czerwonolicy
português: Pomba-da-fruta-de-jambu
русский: Розовоголовый пёстрый голубь
slovenčina: Pestroš jambu
svenska: Jambufruktduva
ไทย: นกเปล้าหน้าแดง
中文: 粉头果鸠

The jambu fruit dove (Ptilinopus jambu) is a smallish colourful fruit dove. It is a resident breeding species in southern Thailand, Malaysia, Brunei and the Indonesian islands of Kalimantan, Sumatra and Java. It is a monotypic species.[2]
Taxonomy

The jambu fruit dove was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with all the other doves and pigeons in the genus Columba and coined the binomial name Columba jambu.[3] Gmelin gave the locality as Java, he based his description on the "pooni-jamboo" that had been first described in 1783 by the Irish orientalist William Marsden in his book The History of Sumatra.[4]: 125  Punai jambu is the Malay name for the species which William wrote comes from the colour of its head which is similar to the flower of the Malay rose apple (Eugenia malaccense) tree or known to him later as jambu merah;[4]: 99  this word jambu was used as the bird's specific epithet.[5]

The jambu fruit dove is now placed with nearly 60 other fruit doves in the genus Ptilinopus that was introduced in 1825 by the English naturalist William John Swainson.[6][2]
Description

The jambu fruit dove is 23–27 cm (9.1–10.6 in) long and weighs about 42 g (1.5 oz). It is a plump small-headed bird with soft feathers and very distinctive colouring including a white eye ring, orange bill and red legs in both male and female birds.[7]

The adult male has a crimson face with a black chin, unmarked dark green upperparts and ivory white underparts, with a pink patch on the breast and a chocolate brown undertail. The female differs from the male by having a dull purple face with a dark chin. The underparts are dull green with a white belly and cinnamon or buff undertail.[7]

The immature jambu fruit dove resembles the female but has a green face. The young male acquires its full adult plumage in about 39 weeks from fledging. Immature males are similar in appearance to females. The call is a soft, low coo.
Distribution and habitat

The jambu fruit dove is found on the Malay Peninsula through Sumatra (including Riau Archipelago) and the islands of Nias, Bangka and Belitung) to Borneo and perhaps in west Java. It inhabits mangrove swamps and lowland rain forests up to 1,500 m (4,900 ft) and is also found in secondary woodland.[8]
Behaviour and ecology

The jambu fruit dove is a shy and inconspicuous bird, camouflaged against the forest canopy by its green plumage. It is usually seen alone or in pairs, but a sizable flock may gather when feeding at a fruit tree. It eats fruit directly from the tree, or from the ground if items have been dropped by hornbills or monkeys. Like other doves, but unlike most birds, it can drink by sucking.
Breeding

The male holds a breeding territory, advertised by raising its wings, bobbing its body and cooing. It will defend its territory with a quick peck if the territorial display fails. The female builds a flimsy nest of twigs, roots and grasses, which are collected by her mate, in a tree and lays one or sometimes two white eggs which are incubated for about 20 days to hatching, with a further 12 or more days to fledging.
Relationship with humans

The Temoq people in Pahang, Malaysia believe that the female jambu fruit dove is a form of their creator ancestor Maq Sidi.[9]
Conservation status

Extensive deforestation in Indonesia and Malaysia means that this dove is now threatened, although its ability to live in second growth and at higher elevation means that its situation is not as critical as that of some forest bird species. The jambu fruit dove is evaluated as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[1]
References

BirdLife International (2012). "Ptilinopus jambu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2022). "Pigeons". IOC World Bird List Version 12.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1789). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 2 (13th ed.). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 784.
Marsden, William (1811). The History of Sumatra (3rd ed.). London: W. Marsden.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 211. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Swainson, William John (1825). "On the characters and natural affinities of several new birds from Australasia; including some observations on the Columbidae". Zoological Journal. 1: 463–484 [473–474].
"Ptilinopus jambu". Malaysia Biodiversity Information System. Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources Malaysia, Malaysia Biodiversity Centre & Forest Research Institute Malaysia. 2022. Retrieved 29 September 2022.
Baptista, L.F.; Trail, P.W.; Horblit, H.M. (1997). "Jambu fruit-dove". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 4: Sandgrouse to Cuckoos. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. p. 207. ISBN 978-84-87334-22-1.

Endicott, Kirk (2015). Malaysia's Original People: Past, Present and Future of the Orang Asli. Singapore: NUS Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-9971-69-861-4.

King, Ben F.; Woodcock, Martin W.; Dickinson, Edward C. (1975). Birds of South-East Asia. Collins. ISBN 0-00-219206-3.