Pternistis swainsonii

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Pangalloanserae
Cladus: Galloanseres
Ordo: Galliformes

Familia: Phasianidae
Genus: Pternistis
Species: Pternistis swainsonii
Subspecies: P. s. swainsonii

Subspecies synonyms: P. s. chobiensis – P. s. damarensis – P. s. gilli – P. s. lundazi – included in nominal
Name

Pternistis swainsonii (A. Smith, 1836)
Synonymy

Perdix swainsonii (protonym)
Francolinus swainsonii (A. Smith, 1836)

References
Primary references

Report of the expedition for exploring central Africa p. 54

Additional references

Mandiwana-Neudani, T.G., Little, R.M., Crowe, T.M. & Bowie, R.C.K. 2019b. Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of African spurfowls Galliformes, Phasianidae, Phasianinae, Coturnicini: Pternistis spp. Ostrich – Journal of African Ornithology 90(2): 145–172. DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2019.1584925 ResearchGate Reference page.

Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Bosveldfisant
català: Francolí de Swainson
English: Swainson's Francolin
español: Francolín de Swainson
فارسی: دراج سوینسون
suomi: Kosteikkofrankoliini
français: Francolin de Swainson
Nederlands: Swainsons frankolijn
português: Francolim-de-swainson
русский: Свенсонов турач
svenska: Swainsonfrankolin

Swainson's spurfowl or Swainson's francolin (Pternistis swainsonii) is a species of bird in the family Phasianidae which is native to southern Africa. In the Shona language in Zimbabwe, this bird is called the chikwari or horwe and is considered a delicacy by outdoor and hunting enthusiasts. Swainson's spurfowl was named after William Swainson, an English ornithologist.
Range and habitat

It is found in grasslands and woodlands of Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Eswatini, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
Taxonomy
Hatchling in the Kruger Park
Chick in the Kruger Park
Juvenile bird in Zambia

Swainson's spurfowl was described in 1836 by the Scottish zoologist Andrew Smith and given the binomial name Perdix swainsonii. Smith noted that the spurfowl inhabited the banks of the rivers beyond Kurrichaine (Kaditshwene), the modern province of Limpopo in South Africa.[2] The specific epithet swainsonii was chosen to honour the English naturalist William John Swainson.[3] The species is now placed in the genus Pternistis that was introduced by the German naturalist Johann Georg Wagler in 1832.[4][5] Swainson's spurfowl is treated as monotypic: the proposed subspecies lundazi is not recognised.[5]

One syntype specimen of Perdix Swainsonii Smith (Rep. Exped. Centr. Afr., 1836, p.54.), is held in the collections of National Museums Liverpool at World Museum, with accession number D1587 (male adult). The specimen was collected on the “Banks of Rivers beyond Kurrichaine", Transvaal, South Africa by Andrew Smith. The specimen was purchased at the sale of Smith's South Africa Museum (Lot 128, 6th June 1838) and came to the Liverpool national collection via the 13th Earl of Derby's collection which was bequeathed to the people of Liverpool in 1851. Another syntype, purchased from the South Africa Society, is in the Natural History Museum at Tring and there is also a syntype in National Museums Scotland.[citation needed]
References

BirdLife International (2016). "Pternistis swainsonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22678860A92792338. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22678860A92792338.en. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
Smith, Andrew (1836). Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa from the Cape of Good Hope. Cape Town: Printed at the Government Gazette Office. p. 54.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 375. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Wagler, Johann Georg (1832). "Neue Sippen und Gattungen der Säugthiere und Vögel". Isis von Oken (in German and Latin). 1832. cols 1218–1235 [1229].
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (2020). "Pheasants, partridges, francolins". IOC World Bird List Version 10.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 14 February 2020.