Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Ordo: Trogoniformes
Familia: Trogonidae
Genus: Priotelus
Species: Priotelus roseigaster
Name
Priotelus roseigaster (Vieillot, 1817)
Synonymy
Trogon roseigaster (protonym)
Temnotrogon roseigaster (Vieillot, 1817)
References
Vieillot, L.P. 1817. Nouveau Dictionnaire d’Histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Par une société de naturalistes et d'agriculteurs. Avec des figures tirées des trois règnes de la nature. Tome 8. 610 pp. +10 tt. Déterville, Paris. p. 314 BHLReference page.
Links
IUCN: Priotelus roseigaster (Least Concern)
Vernacular names
català: Trogon de la Hispaniola
Cymraeg: Trogon Hispaniola
English: Hispaniolan Trogon
español: Trogón de la Española
فارسی: لانهکن هیسپانیولا
suomi: Haitintrogoni
français: Trogon damoiseau, caleçon rouge (Haïti)
Kreyòl ayisyen: Kanson wouj
Nederlands: Hispaniolatrogon
پنجابی: ہسپیونولی ٹروگن
svenska: hispaniolatrogon
中文: 伊斯帕尼奥拉咬鵑
The Hispaniolan trogon (Priotelus roseigaster), also known as cacos is a species of bird in the family Trogonidae. It is endemic to Hispaniola (both Haiti and the Dominican Republic) in the Caribbean. It is one of the only two trogon species found in the Caribbean.[2] It is the national bird of Haiti.[3]
Identification
Hispaniolan trogon
Trogons are brightly coloured birds with long, strongly graduated tails, small feet, and short, thick bills. The Hispaniolan trogon has metallic green upperparts, a gray throat and breast, and a red belly and is separated from the closely related Cuban trogon by the more typical tail of this species. The underside of the tail is dark, but each rectrix is broadly tipped with white. Males and females look similar but the females' wing coverts and secondaries lack the narrow white bars. The male average measurements for wing, tail, culem from base and tarsus are 135.2, 154, 17.3, 16.8 mm respectively. The female averages are 136.6, 154, 16.5, 16.4 mm[2]
Vocalizations
The song is rather slow and can be heard from quite a distance. It has a low rattle.[4]
Habitat
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and heavily degraded forest. It is threatened by habitat loss. It is mostly confined to a few remaining protected areas.[1] It inhabits rain, dry, pine and broadleaved deciduous forests. Several early records included mangrove swamps west of Miragoane[4] but whether these were visitors or a resident population is unknown. It requires large, old decayed trees with holes for nesting.[5] It primarily occurs at 500–3,000 m, but there appears to be some altitudinal migration with birds observed at lower elevations in winter. In Haiti, it is restricted to the Massif de la Hotte and Chaîne de la Selle, due to extensive habitat loss. It is still quite common in the Dominican Republic, especially in the relatively undisturbed Sierra de Baoruco, although there has been a moderately rapid population reduction, owing to deforestation.[5]
Diet
It is known to mainly eat insects, though it also takes small vertebrates such as anoles and fruits, especially those of the West Indian sumac (Brunellia comocladifolia).[2]
Behaviour
Its foraging behaviour is presumed to be similar to that of other species of trogon: most food is taken in aerial sallies to fruit or to surrounding vegetation. The species primarily forages in the midstory of humid deciduous and pine forests. A study of mixed-species flocks on Hispaniola recorded two encounters with the Hispaniolan trogon, both of which were associated with mixed flocks.[2]
Reproduction
The Hispaniolan trogon's breeding season is thought to be March to July. The nest is a cavity in a tree, including cavities of the Hispaniolan woodpecker (Melanerpes striatus).[2] The only known clutches are of two eggs; eggs are pale green and unmarked. Egg measurements [4] ranged from 27.9 by 23.5 mm to 31.4 by 23.9 mm. The lengths of the incubation period and nestling periods are unknown.[2] Generation length is estimated at 7.3 years[1]
Population and conservation
The Hispaniolan trogon is a forest-dependent species, and is vulnerable to habitat loss or degradation.[2] The IUCN Red List conservation status of the Hispaniolan trogon is assessed as Least Concern; however, its population is continuing to decline throughout its small range, owing to forest degradation and fragmentation.[1] Forest loss and fragmentation owing to shifting agriculture are causing a decline, particularly in moist forest areas. Dry forests have been considerably altered by charcoal production, and pine forests have been reduced as a consequence of indiscriminate logging and clear-cutting. In particular, recent habitat destruction along highways has caused a drastic decline of the population in the Cordillera Central, but it is occasionally seen on abandoned coffee farms and old cocoa groves in the Cordillera Septentrional. The species is also subject to hunting.[5] However, as the range is relatively wide and not yet severely fragmented, the species is classified as Least Concern.[1]
Some populations are afforded protection by national parks, such as in the Sierra de Baoruco. Proposed conservation actions include monitoring the population regularly, effectively protecting national parks that hold populations of the species, encouraging forms of agriculture which do not require forest clearance, discouraging charcoal production in native forests, and raising awareness of the uniqueness of the species, as well as discourage hunting.[5]
References
BirdLife International (2018). "Temnotrogon roseigaster". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22682751A131515698. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682751A131515698.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
Gerbracht, Jeff. 2011. Hispaniolan Trogon (Priotelus roseigaster), Neotropical Birds Online (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; retrieved from Neotropical Birds Online: http://neotropical.birds.cornell.edu/portal/species/overview?p_p_spp=26030
CIA World Factbook: National Symbols
Wetmore, A., and B. H. Swales. 1931. The birds of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. United States National Museum Bulletin 155.
BirdLife International (2016) Species factsheet: Temnotrogon roseigaster. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 24/04/2016.
American Ornithologists' Union. Check-list of North American Birds - Trogoniformes. Accessed on April 17, 2009.
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